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Name: ________________________________________ Date: _______ Rome - Chapter 10 packet Roman Word Catcher Use this word catcher to keep all the words you learn that pertain to Rome: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Notes: *NYS Common Core Chapter 10.1 (p. 294-295) - Geography Read p. 294-295. Take notes on the following and complete the activities below: 1. Physical Features: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 2. Climate: _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 3. Map: Label the seas and mountains. Highlight Rome. 4. Fill in Word Catcher. Chapter 10.1 (p. 296-297) - Rome’s Origin Read p. 296-297. Answer the following questions: 1. What role did Aeneas play in the founding of Rome? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Summarize the legend of Romulus and Remus. __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 10.1 (p. 297-299) - Government and People Read p. 297-299. Fill in the notes as you read and answer the questions below: Government: Started with ____ kings The last king ___________ a lot of people and Rome was tired of kings. They started a new government called the _________________________. It was not a democracy. Each _____________, people elected a new ruler. During difficult wars, Romans chose ____________________, who were rulers who had absolute power Dictators were only in power _____ months so they couldn’t abuse their power. Rulers and politicians were almost always rich people called ____________________. ____________________ formed their own council, so the government started to change. People: Divided into 2 groups _____________________- common people _____________________- powerful, rich people __________________________- famous dictator who won a war and then quit and went back to farming __________________________ was named after him. Stayed in power less than ________ months Fill in Word Catcher. Chapter 10.2 (p.302-305) - Government and People (continued) Structure of Government under the Republic 2 Consuls Head of Government Senate (300 Members) Assembly PATRICIANS PATRICIANS PLEBEIANS 1 year term Life term 1 year term Consuls chose the Senators Elected the 2 Consuls Ran the government, overseeing the work of other government officials. Advised the consuls. Advised the Assembly. Directed (commanded) the army Directed spending, including tax dollars Acted as judges Approved or disapproved laws made by the Assembly Voted on laws suggested by gov’t officials In an emergency, consuls could choose a dictator as a single ruler to make quick decisions. Made decisions concerning relationships with foreign powers Declared war or peace Both consuls had to agree on decisions. Each had the power to veto. Elected gov’t officials including judges. Daily Life of Patricians The patricians were the upper class of ancient Rome. They made up only 10 percent of the population, but they were the most powerful people in Rome. Patricians owned much land and belonged to the oldest families in the city. Rome was a male-dominated society. The father was the head of the family and was called the pater familias. A typical day for a male patrician would involve business in the morning; the public baths in the later morning for exercise, a massage, and the latest news; and home to his luxurious villa for the main meal of the day, which started between two and three in the afternoon and lasted for four hours. A patrician woman was expected to be efficient and dignified. She usually had little schooling and was in charge of the servants. Her days were spent with the servants dressing her and arranging her elaborate hairstyle; preparing the day’s menu and shopping list for the slaves; overseeing the children; and performing as a gracious hostess for the evening meal. Both Patrician boys and girls were sent to school to learn to read and write Latin from ages five to twelve. After that, girls were taught at home to run a household, and boys were taught literature, history, math, geometry, and astronomy. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the Latin term for Roman father? ______________________________ 2. What percentage of the population did the plebeians make up? ____________ 3. What did patrician women do? _______________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 4. Describe the main meal of a patrician’s day. _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 5. What did the men do at the baths? ____________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 6. In paragraph 2, what does luxurious mean? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ 7. In paragraph 3, what does elaborate mean? _____________________________ _________________________________________________________________ Daily Life of Plebeians Ninety percent of the people living in ancient Rome did not belong to the wealthy patrician class. These were the plebeians, or working class of Rome, as well as soldiers and slaves. Plebeians were workers, farmers, and shopkeepers. They could not hold important government offices or marry into patrician class. Since they did not own land, they were not citizens and could not vote in the Senate until tribunes were elected to represent them in 494B.C. Life for plebeians was not easy. Up at dawn, the entire family ate a meager breakfast of bread and water and then went to work in the shop or fields. Only the wealthy could afford to educate their children, so plebeian boys learned a trade from their fathers and girls learned household skills from their mothers. They worked until mid-afternoon and went home to a simple meal of wheat porridge with vegetables or fruits. Plebeians lived in crowded tenements, or apartments, above shops in the city. Entire families were forced to live in one room, with no privacy or running water. Fire was a constant danger because so many people lived and cooked their foods in such crowded quarters. Answer the following questions: 1. Where did the plebeians live? ____________________________________ 2. Why were plebeians worried about fire? ___________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. What were 4 things plebeians could not do? a. ___________________________________________________ b. ___________________________________________________ c. ___________________________________________________ d. ___________________________________________________ 4. Since only the wealthy were educated, how and what did plebeians learn? ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 5. What were 3 jobs plebeians held? a. ______________________________ b. ______________________________ c. ______________________________ After watching Mr. Corwin’s YouTube video, Rome Part 3, Roman Republic, answer the following questions. (8 minute video) 1. What were the 2 social classes in Ancient Rome? How were they different? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Roman Republic was a Tripartite. What does this mean? Explain how it was a Tripartite. _____________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Use Rome’s government to explain civic duty and checks and balances. Can you think of modern examples of these two terms? __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What were the 12 tables and why were they important? __________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________ Fill in Word Catcher. Chapter 10.2 (p.306-307) - Roman Forum After reading Chapter 10.2, answer the question below and complete the matching section. There will be two extra words left when you are done. What kind of activities took place in the Roman Forum? ________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ ____ 1. A government with three parts A. checks and balances ____ 2. The most powerful elected officials in Rome B. civic duty ____ 3. Held office for one year to prevent abuses of power, veto power made them strong C. consuls ____ 4. A council of wealthy and powerful Romans who advised the city’s leaders D. Italian E. Latin ____ 5. The Roman language F. Palatine Hill ____ 6. To prohibit actions by other government officials G. Capitoline Hill ____ 7. Responsibility to ensure the prosperity (growth/success) of the city ____ 8. Keeps one part of a government from becoming too strong ____ 9. Rome’s public meeting place ____ 10. Where Rome’s richest people lived H. tribunes I. tripartite J. veto K. Senate L. forum Chapter 10.3 (p. 308-311) - Rome’s Expansion After reading p. 308-311, fill in the notes below and answer the questions. Growth After 400 BC, Rome grew. o __________________ attacked Rome and won. Rome had to give them __________________ to make them leave the city. o Rome’s neighbors heard what happened and decided to attack Rome, too. o This time Rome didn’t lose. o They won wars because of __________________ (groups of 6,000 soldiers) and __________________ (groups of 100 soldiers). They could fight in different groups, large and small, and move around more easily than their enemies. o Every time they won, they took their enemy’s _________________________. Rome gained territory throughout the ___________________________________. As Rome grew, other people saw them as a ___________________ to their own power. Farming and Trade Once Rome grew, small farms were converted to larger ones run by ________________. They grew only 1 or 2 kinds of crops. Owners lived in the ___________________ and let others run their farms. There was not enough food, so they __________________________________. They made coins out of ________________________________________ to pay for goods. Punic Wars 1. Who fought in the Punic Wars? ___________________________________________________ 2. What does Punic mean? ___________________________________________________________ 3. Why is Hannibal such a famous general? ___________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Hannibal use elephants in his battles? ____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Who won the Punic Wars? ________________________________________________________ Fill in Word Catcher. Insert Punic wars ws Chapter 10.3 (p. 312-313) - Rome’s Expansion (continued) Read p312-313 and answer the questions below: 1. Who were Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus? What did their deaths lead to? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Who were Marius and Sulla? What happened between them? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Who was Spartacus? What happened after he died? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Fill in Word Catcher. Chapter 10.3 (p. 313) – Spartacus and Slavery Read the two articles, Spartacus and Slavery, and answer the questions below. Spartacus Spartacus (SPAHR-tuh-kuhs) was born in Thrace, which is located in the northeastern part of Greece. Little is known about the early life of Spartacus, but he may have been a nomad. Spartacus served in the Roman army, but seems to have left the army to form a bandit group. Spartacus led the group on raids of their own. Eventually Spartacus was captured by the Romans. The Romans made him a slave and trained him to become a gladiator. Roman gladiators were forced to fight to entertain crowds of spectators. Gladiators fought one another or wild animals in an arena. People of Rome would come to watch the fights. In 73 BC, Spartacus encouraged other gladiators to revolt against the treatment they received as slaves. This revolt is known as the Third Servile War. Spartacus and his men fought and defeated the Roman soldiers at the town of Capua in southern Italy. Spartacus and his army of slaves moved north, destroyed the land as they went, and relocated to Mount Vesuvius. It was there that Spartacus organized more than 70,000 slaves to fight Rome. In 72 BC, Spartacus led his army back into southern Italy for revenge and war. His army fought the Roman forces and defeated them. The slave rebels gained control and took over parts of southern Italy. In the following year, 71 BC, the rebels divided into two groups. Rome defeated one group in Italy, but the second group triumphed again over the Romans. This victory lasted only briefly and the Romans finally defeated the last of the rebel army in Lucania. Spartacus himself died in this battle in 71 BC. Slavery Revolts of the slaves were frequent in the Roman world, in the years from 133 to 72 BC. In the middle of the second century BC (132 BC) there were many, and in fact, Spartacus’s was the last great one of the slaves. The turmoil was mainly caused by the great amount of slaves that had been brought to Italy from all over the Mediterranean. In those years, the Romans had managed to control the slave trade of the Mediterranean, which can be compared to the Middle East’s control of the oil market today. The slave trade was flourishing. In the greatest slave market on the island of Delos, 10,000 slaves could be sold in one day. Patricians and wealthy plebeians bought more and many slaves. Soon, the slaves did all the work, and there was no work for the poor man. In Italy, this enormous intake of cheap labor contributed to the disappearance of the Roman small farmer and to the growth of enormous farming estates owned by the wealthy few. The slaves were mainly owned by big landowners, and small farmers could not withstand the competition from the slave owners. Slaves were often kept in subhuman conditions on these huge estates, which were fertile ground for the revolts. 1. What is a gladiator? 2. Why was Spartacus considered a hero? 3. Why did the Romans have so many slaves? Chapter 10.3 (p. 308-313) – Chapter Section Review Fill in with the correct term. 1. Former slaves led by ________________________ ultimately defeated the Roman army and took over much of southern Italy. (Hannibal/Spartacus) 2. To help end unemployment, ________________________ encouraged poor people to join the army. (Lucius Cornelius Sulla/Gaius Marius) 3. Roman soldiers were organized in ________________________, which were groups of up to 6,000 soldiers. (Punic Wars/legions) 4. ________________________ led an army through Spain and across the Alps toward the city of Rome; however, he was never able to capture Rome itself. (Hannibal/Lucius Cornelius Sulla) 5. Marius and ________________________ were engaged in a civil war in which ________________________ won and named himself dictator. (Spartacus/Lucius Cornelius Sulla) 6. The fiercest of the wars Rome fought were the _____________________. (Punic Wars/Legions)