Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Protein Synthesis: Translation How is mRNA “translated” into a protein? TRANSLATION Process when the protein is actually made • Occurs at the ribosome in the cytoplasm • Uses an anticodon on the tRNA to bring an amino acid to the ribosome 5. mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosome in the cytoplasm REMEMBER: DNA’s code is copied to mRNA in codon groups. A CODON is a grouping of three nitrogen bases in mRNA that carry the code for an amino acid. U C A G codon A G codon Transfer RNA (tRNA) amino acid tRNA Has a cloverleaf shape tRNA carries an amino acid at one end and an anticodon at the other end. anticodon ANTICODON The anticodon the complement to the mRNA codon. EX: mRNA codon: AUG tRNA anticodon: UAC Anticodon Codon The tRNA also picks up the amino acid that corresponds to the mRNA codon But how do we know which amino acid corresponds to each codon? Codon AMINO ACID CHART This chart is used to find the appropriate amino acid using mRNA codons. Second Base C A G U Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Leucine Leucine Serine Serine Serine Serine Tyrosine Tyrosine Stop Stop Cysteine Cysteine Stop Tryptophan U C A G C Leucine Leucine Leucine Leucine Proline Proline Proline Proline Histidine Histidine Glutamine Glutamine Arginine Arginine Arginine Arginine U C A G A Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methionine Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine Asparagine Asparagine Lysine Lysine Serine Serine Arginine Arginine U C A G G Valine Valine Valine Valine Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Aspartic Acid Aspartic Acid Glutamic Acid Glutamic Acid Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine U C A G Third Base First Base U What would the amino acid the mRNA codon UGG? mRNAbe codon UGG is thefor amino acid Tryptophan TRANSLATION mRNA at the ribosome in the cytoplasm ribosome mRNA TRANSLATION 6. tRNA assists by bringing an amino acid to the ribosome 7. tRNA matches its anticodon with the codon of mRNA to place the amino acid in the correct sequence STOP Peptide Bond Peptide Bond TRANSLATION Stop Codon A special codon called a STOP CODON marks the end of the gene and protein synthesis. STOP TRANSLATION Polypeptide Chain - A Protein 8. The amino acids bond with peptide bonds and form a polypeptide chain or protein. amino acid peptide bonds polypeptide = protein REVIEWING TRANSLATION Protein is made 5. mRNA leaves nucleus, goes to ribosome in cytoplasm 6. tRNA assists by bringing an amino acid to the ribosome 7. tRNA matches its anticodon with the mRNA codon, putting amino acids in the correct sequence 8. amino acids bond, forming a protein click to play animation TRY THIS! Transcribe and translate this segment of DNA: TACACCTGCGCATAG