Download Security Considerations for Health Care Organizations

Security Considerations for Health Care
Organizations
Disclaimer
 This Presentation is provided “as
is” without any express or
implied warranty. This
Presentation is for educational
purposes only and does not
constitute legal advice. If you
require legal advice, you should
consult with an attorney.
Trust and Risk
 Do you trust the Internet?
 Do you trust wireless Cell phone Communications?
 Are you sure that the person at the other end of the
connection is who they say they are?
Trust and Risk
 Electronic Fund Transfer Act effective 1979 (15
U.S.C.)], the credit card and ATM industry was forced
to limit personal financial risk to users (usually $50
maximum if cards used fraudulently)
 Approach focused on reducing risk since technology
was not yet ready
 Limiting risk compensates for a lack of trust
 Many consider this approach however, as a band-aid to
the real issue – increasing user trust
 What is available and what can be provided?
Typical Hacker Threats and Protections
 Hackers
 Masquerading
 Eavesdropping
 Interception
 Address Spoofing
 Data Manipulation
 Dictionary Attack

Replay Attacks

Denial of Service
Protection
– Authentication
– Encryption
– Digital
Carts./Signatures
– Firewalls
– Encryption
– Strong Passwords
– Time Stamping &
sequence Numbers
– Authentication
Common Internet Attacks and Typical Fixes
Internet Attacks
 Root access by buffer




overflows
Distributed Denial of
Service
E-Mail spamming, and
relaying
Exploitation of
misconfigured software and
servers
Mail attachment attacks
Fixes
 Upgrade Systems;Training
 Creating attack bottlenecks
and coordination
 Training
 Verification/Certification of
Software
 Training of Users to
recognize Attachments
Goals of Security Measures
 Authentication – Who or what am I transacting with?
 Access Control – Is the party allowed to enter into the
transaction?
 Confidentiality – Can any unauthorized parties see the
transaction?
 Integrity – Did the transaction complete correctly and as
expected?
 Non-Repudiation – Are authorized parties assured they will
not be denied from transacting business
Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
LAN/WAN
 Provides Virtual Network
Connectivity


User to LAN/WAN
LAN/WAN to LAN/WAN
 Encrypted at the TCP/IP
Level
 Provides Protected
Communications for All
TCP/IP Services
LAN/WAN
Firewalls
 Provides Traffic Management in
Both Directions
 Generally Located at Border
between Public and Private
Networks
 Features Include





Proxy Server/Network Address
Translation (NAT)
User Name/Password Authentication
Packet Filtering
Stateful vs. Stateless Packet
Processing
Traffic Audit Logs
Intrusion Detection System (IDS)
 Audit



!!!!

Store security-pertinent system data
Detect traffic patterns
Develop reports and establish critical
parameters intrusion criteria using
agent software
Set up revocation lists
 Detect
?

LAN/WAN

Predefine flexible security violations
criteria (e.g., identify zombie
placement, Super User, Root user
occurrences)
Be proactive

Become network-oriented
 Secure
?
?
?

Fix applications or alterations that
were made by an attacker where
appropriate (e.g., Trojan Horse ID,
Zombie Ant detection eliminated)
Backup Charts
Firewall-1 / VPN-1 High Availability
Secondary VPN-1
Gateway
VPN-1
SecuRemote
Primary VPN-1
Gateway
IKE
Synchronization
Internet
VPN-1
Gateway
 Transparent fail-over of IPSec communications without loss of
connectivity
 Enables hot fail-over and load balancing across VPN gateways
 Industry’s first transparent VPN fail-over that maintains session
integrity
Architecture of a Distributed System
Web Servers
Middleware
App Servers
Data
Storage
Internal
WANs and LANs
DNS
Messaging
User
Backup/
Recovery
User
Internet
Web Servers
Middleware
App Servers
User
Clients/
Partners
User
Data
Storage
Critical Elements of Security Architecture
 AUDIT, DETECT, and SECURE
 Three stages of secure process that are to be
followed
 Provide security agents
 Automated
 Continually monitor all systems

Ensures that Zombie Ants are not being introduced or
that Distributed Denial of Service conditions do not
occur
Added Notes:
 Biometric and Smart Card Technology can be applied
where appropriate

Biometrics is being tested




Standards still in the mill
People issue – many feel uneasy about providing fingerprints of eye
scans, or physical variations as means to set up secure operations)
Firms exist to do this today (e.g., International Biometric Group)
Smart cards now used by GSA for their badges have
fingerprints embedded (3GI developed this – locally
available support)
Operational Documentation Checklist
Project Plan
System Security Plan (SSP)
Risk Assessment
Waiver Letter(s)
Approvals to Test
Interim Approvals to Operate
Certificate Policy
Subscriber Agreement
Security Program Elements
 Wide Security Program
 planning and managing to provide a framework and continuing cycle of activity for
managing risk, developing security policies (in conjunction with the Office of
Protection), assigning responsibilities, and monitoring the adequacy of the
computer-related controls.
 Access Control –
 controls that limit or detect access to computer resources (data, programs, and
equipment) that protect these resources against unauthorized modification, loss or
disclosure.
 Segregation of Duties –
 establishing policies, procedures, and an organizational structure such that one
individual cannot control key aspects of IT-related operations and thereby conduct
unauthorized actions or gain unauthorized access to assets or records.
 Service Continuity –
 implementing controls to ensure that when unexpected events occur (i.e., virus)
critical operations continue without interruption or are promptly resumed and
critical and sensitive information is protected.
Comprehensive Network Security Policy Approach
Reference Model
Protect Model
Mission
Deny
Policy
Detect
Sec. Org Structure
Assess
Sec. Implementation Procedures
Train
Awareness, Training, & Education
Enforce
Phy & Env Protection
Connectivity Controls
Access Controls
Sys Admin Controls
Response Model
Respond
Report
Storage Media Controls
Isolate
Accountability Controls
Contain
Assurance
Recover
Network Security Model
Start Network
Security Strategic
Reference Model
Threat
Level 1.
System Mission
Level 2.
Value of
Information
Protect Model
Deny, Detect, Assess,
Train, & Enforce
Security Policy
Level 3.
Security Organizational Structure
Level 4.
Response Model
Respond, Report, Isolate,
Contain, & Recover
Security Implementation Procedures
Level 5.
Security Awareness, Training , & Education
Level 6.
Physical & Environmental Systems Protection
Level 7-11.
Controls: System Access, Connectivity, Administration,
Storage Media, & Accountability
Level 12.
Assurance