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The Roman Republic 509 B.C.E. – 476 C.E. Mr. Kelley Western Civilization and Geography The Geography of Rome Italy in 750 BCE Rome: Importance • • • • • • “Successor” to Greece “Carrier” of Greek civilization Political model for later Europe Measure of success for nations and individuals Model for later monarchies Model for later, mixed constitutions – Great Britain, U.S., etc. • Model for most European legal systems • Model for the concept of citizenship Government: Republic The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) • 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king (monarchy) and established a republic. – Power rests with the citizens who have the right to vote for their leaders. – In Rome, citizenship with voting rights was granted only to free-born male citizens. Roman Senate Floor - Marble came from all over Roman Empire The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) STRUGGLE FOR POWER: CLASS CONFLICT • Patricians- wealthy landowners who held most of the power: inherited power and social status • Plebeians- (Plebs) common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population: can vote, but can’t rule – Tribunes- elected representatives who protect plebeians’ political rights. The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) A “Balanced” Government • Rome elects two consuls– one to lead army, one to direct government • Senate- chosen from patricians (Roman upper class), make foreign and domestic policy • Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for plebeians (commoners) • Dictators- leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by consuls and senate) Republican Government 2 Consuls (Rulers of Rome) Senate (Representative body for patricians) Tribal Assembly (Representative body for plebeians) republic: Power & AuthorityTHE ROMAN REPUBLIC Led by Legally ruled by was a Leaders elected by Consuls: * Twelve Tables: * Citizens: * * * * * * * selected by advised by advised by Senate: *aristocrats: Centuriate Assembly: *citizen-soldiers: Tribal Assembly: *tribunes: *patricians: * *plebeians: * * * See Chart: Comparing Republican Governments • What similarities do you see in the governments of the Roman Republic and the United States? • What do you think is the most significant difference between the Roman Republic and that of the United States today? The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.) THE TWELVE TABLES • 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets and hung in Forum. • Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law • Become the basis for later Roman law Military Organization: The Roman Army The Roman Army • All citizens were required to serve • Army was powerful: – Organization & fighting skill • Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback) Rome Spreads its Power • Romans defeat Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south • Treatment of Conquered: – Forge alliances – Offer citizenship • By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula Rome’s Commercial Network • Rome establishes a large trading network • Access to Mediterranean Sea provides many trade routes • Carthage, powerful city-state in North Africa, soon rivals Rome