Download Ancient Civilizations - Rome

Ancient Civilizations – Rome
2010
Gloucester Township Public Schools
Submitted by
C. Stephen Ingraham
Social Studies Block # ___ Name ______________________
Ms. Holmes & Mr. Ingraham
Date _______
Ancient Rome Table of Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
The Rome Song
Peninsula of Italy
Monarchy to Republic
The Path of Roman Conquest
Republic to Dictatorship
Rome Becomes an Empire
The Age of Augustus
Pride in Rome
Religion and the Roman Empire
The Rise of Christianity
Rome Reacts to the New Religion
The Decline of Rome
The Rome Song
By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Jingle Bells”
The Patricians founded Rome
along the Tiber river
on the Italian peninsula.
They elected Senators
Who elected two consuls
And in case of emergency
And appointed a dictator for everyone to see.
Chorus: Oh Roman artists copy Greek
Philosophy, writing, and art
The Greek and the Roman gods
you can’t tell them apart.
Gladiators fight to the death
while all the Romans cheer.
Aqueducts will bring in water
if no water’s near.
The Patricians excluded the Plebeians,
but after they threaten to leave,
the Plebeians elected ten tribunes,
who had the veto power.
Julius Caesar tried to help the poor,
but the Senate stabbed him in the back.
Even his best friend, Oh what do you think of that?
The Rome Song
By Mr. Ingraham Sung to “Jingle Bells”
Octavian and Mark Anthony
Divide up the Roman empire,
but Cleopatra loved Mark Anthony
and they decided to set up their own kingdom.
Octavian became Augustus after defeating them.
He was Rome’s first Emperor,
but the citizens still thought they had a Republic.
Chorus: Oh Roman artists copy Greek
Philosophy, writing, and art
The Greek and the Roman gods
you can’t tell them apart.
Gladiators fight to the death
while all the Romans cheer.
Aqueducts will bring in water
if no water’s near.
Some Hebrews thought that Jesus
was the messiah.
He said he was God’s son; His kingdom it would come.
The twelve apostles and St. Paul
spread the good news He had to say.
Constantine painted crosses on his shields
and Christianity saved the day!!!
The Essential Questions - Rome
What are the qualities of effective leaders?
How does a civilization become an empire?
What factors lead to the decline of an empire?
Where do we see this repeating pattern in history of
decline and fall?
What were the contributions of the Roman Empire?
What are the ways that religion influences a diverse
society?
What happens when religious or political ideas clash?
What evidence of Roman culture exists today?
What are the long term affects of war on a empire?
How does conquest change the government of a
civilization?
How do times of peace in a civilization affect laws?
What rights and responsibilities do citizens have? CSI08
Performance Assessment
Rome’s Lasting Influence – Students will research and
present a project on one of the many contributions of
ancient Rome. Some examples include: Roman Numerals,
Tools, Trade, Entertainment (Circus, Theater, Chariot
Racing, Gladiatorial Games, etc.), Public Baths, Education,
Foods, Housing, Legions, and Roads etc. This project may
be presented in a variety of formats such as a PowerPoint,
poster, commercial, video, game, brochure, newspaper,
or other form approved by the teacher. The research
should include background information and make
connections to today’s society. This project should
demonstrate how Rome has had a lasting influence in the
world. Additionally, students will present their research to
the class and evaluate how the classroom projects show
Rome’s lasting influences.
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Roman Vocabulary
Governmental Terms
King- a ruler of a monarchy
Patricians- the social class of people who were the descendants of
Rome’s earliest settlers.
Republic – a type of government when citizens elect leaders to make all
the decisions.
Senate – a council of representatives elected to make laws.
Consuls – two members of the senate elected to run the daily affairs of
Rome.
Dictator – a person appointed in an emergency to rule with absolute
authority for six months.
Plebeians – the social class of people made up of farmers, workers,
merchants, and craftworkers, whose families came to
Rome later.
Tribunes- ten special officials elected by the plebeians, who could veto
any law they didn’t agree with.
Veto – the right to refuse to approve.
Emperor- an absolute ruler of many conquered lands and peoples.
Provinces – self governing regions ruled by a Roman governor.
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Forum - a public square
Roman Vocabulary #2
Policies - the plans or ideas of a leader.
census – a count of the people of a country or empire.
legions – a large group of well-trained soldiers (as many as 6,000 men).
basilicas – huge marble government buildings.
gladiators –a slave or prisoner who was forced to fight, often to the death.
aqueduct – a stone bridge like canal which the Romans used to carry
water from far off rivers.
messiah- a wise, Jewish leader who would establish god’s kingdom on
earth.
crucifixion – a type of execution involving being nailed to a cross and left
to die.
apostles- the twelve trusted followers of Jesus.
Gospels – the “good news” about Jesus’s life written by his followers
after his death.
Christianity – the religion of the followers of Jesus who believed he was
the messiah.
Old Testament – the first part of the Bible and the same as the Jewish
Bible.
New Testament – the second part of the Christian Bible telling of Jesus’s
teachings and about his followers.
martyrs – people who suffer or die for their beliefs.
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Europe
Black Sea
Asia
Minor
Tyrrhenian
Sea
Greece
Ionian Sea
Mediterranean Sea
Africa
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I. The Roman Republic
A. The Peninsula of Italy
1. The Italian Peninsula looks like a long, high-heeled boot.
2. It is less than 100 miles from _________ ___ ___________.
3. Halfway up the peninsula is the ___________ flowing East to West
4. Greater travel, trade, and communication within the peninsula is
possible, because _______________________________________ .
5. The peninsula has fertile soil, but few good _________, which
makes overseas trade and travel difficult.
6. The ____________ mountains in the North isolates the peninsula
from the rest of Europe and the __________ mountain range in
the Northeast.
B. The Founding of Rome
1. Around 1000 B.C.E. a people known as the _________migrated.
2. They built villages along the _________ ___________.
3. Among seven hills a small farming village known as
____________ developed.
a) physical features: good soil & rolling farmland
b) natural resources: stone & wood
4. The legend of the founding of Rome.
a) a cruel uncle left twin boys to die along the Tiber River.
b) a mother wolf saves and raises ____________________ and
_______________________, who found Rome in 753 B.C.E.
I. The Roman Republic
C. From Monarchy to Republic
1. In about 600 B.C. a neighboring trading people, the____________
took control of Rome and introduced Greek customs and ideas.
2. After 100 years the Romans rebelled against their King
Tarquin the Proud and started a new type of government called a
___________________, where citizens elect leaders to make all
government decisions.
3. The Romans called this council of representatives called the
____________________.
4. Two members of the Senate called _______________ran the daily
affairs of Rome on behalf of the citizens.
5. In an emergency a ________________ could be appointed for six
months, who had absolute authority.
6. Roman society had two groups:
a) ____________ were the descendents of Rome’s earliest settlers
b) _______________ were the farmers, workers,
merchants, and
craftworkers, whose families came to Rome later.
7. In 494 after the plebeians rebelled and threatened to leave, They
were allowed to elect ten ________________ who had the right to
refuse to approve, or __________ any law they did not agree with.
8. In 451 and 450 B.C. the Roman government began
recording its laws in a document called the ________ __________
The Roman Republic
Consul
Elected yearly
by the Senate
Consul
Senate
A council of representatives
elected by the Patricians
A Dictator
Athenian
Democracy
With absolute
authority
was appointed
In time of
emergency
Participatory
Citizenship
*
Assembly of 500
They set the agenda
for the next meeting.
Ten Tribunes
Special officials
with the veto power
elected by the
Plebeians
Citizens were divided
into two classes
The Patricians who founded Rome
and The Plebeians the farmers,
workers, merchants, and craftworkers
who settled in Rome later.
Some men & all women and slaves were not citizens.
*
Assembly of Citizens
All free 20 year old males
can vote.
All decisions are made by
majority rule
Women & slaves were
not considered citizens
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Patricians
Plebeians
Living Quarters
Job Description
Political Influence
Education Level
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I. The Roman Republic
D. The Path of Roman Conquest
1. By 274 B.C. the Romans had conquered their
neighbors and the Italian peninsula was theirs.
2. Rome fought three wars with ____________________
which are called the Punic Wars fought over sea trade.
a) Rome won the first Punic War.
b) Hannibal with soldiers and war elephants attacked
Rome, but a Roman general __________________
attacked Carthage in North Africa and forced
Hannibal to return. The 2nd war was a draw.
c) In 146 B.C. the 3rd war left Carthage in ruins and
its citizens were sold as ________________.
3. Now Greece, Macedonia, and parts of Southwest Asia
were under ________________ control. This area was
divided into self-governing regions called
________________.
I. The Roman Republic
E. From Republic to Dictatorship
1. Taxes from the provinces and slaves made the
patricians richer, but the _________________ poorer.
2. Conflicts arose and after a civil war, in 82 B.C.
Lucius Sulla became a _______________________.
He ruled for three years, not six months.
3. The Office of Consul was restored, but in 59 B.C.
one consul, _________________________, formed an
army and captured Gaul (France).
a) He became governor of the province of Gaul.
b) In 49 B.C. he march upon Rome with his army.
c) In 45 B.C. he declared himself _______ of all Rome.
d) He immediately made changes creating laws to
help the poor and gave ___________ to more people.
e) In 44 B.C. on March 15th he was stabbed to death
in the Roman Senate.
The End of the Roman Republic
THE FIRST TRIUMVIRATE 60 B.C.E.
Formed by three important politicians and generals,
Pompey, Crassus, & Julius Caesar
53 B.C.E. Crassus killed (Battle of Carrhae)
48 B.C.E. Pompey killed in Egypt (Battle of Pharsalus)
46-44 B.C.E. Caesar becomes dictator of Rome.
THE SECOND TRIUMVIRATE 43 B.C.E.
Formed by three important politicians and generals,
Marc Anthony, Lepidus, & Octavian Caesar
36 B.C.E. Lepidus accused of usurping power & rebellion.
He is forced into exile.
31 B.C.E. Marc Anthony & Cleopatra VII of Egypt defeated
(the battles of Actium & Alexandria) They commit suicide.
27 B.C.E. Augustus (Octavian) becomes emperor of Rome.
The Roman Republic has Ended.
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II. The Roman Empire
A. Rome Becomes An Empire
1. With no real leader Romans gathered daily in Rome’s
______________, or public Square, and listened to the
plans, or ________________ of people wanting to be
the leader.
2. Octavian and Mark Anthony divide up the Roman lands.
3. Mark Anthony falls in love with an Egyptian Queen,
__________, and they plan to set up their own kingdom.
4. In 31 B.C. Octavian defeats them in a great sea battle
and he gains absolute leadership of all Roman lands.
5. In 27 B.C. the Roman Senate names him “Augustus” or
______________________________________________.
6. Augustus Caesar becomes Rome’s first
______________________, but he made sure his
government still seemed to be a representative
republic.
Roman
Monarchy
The Roman Republic
Elected yearly
by the Senate Consul
A Dictator
With absolute
King
authority
was appointed
Senate
In time of
Etruscan Nobles
A council of representatives emergency
Consul
elected by the Patricians
Ten Tribunes
Roman People
Special officials
with the veto power
elected by the
Plebeians
About 500 BCE
The Romans
Overthrew their
Etruscan Kings
And set up a
Republic
The Etruscans
Took control of
Citizens were divided
Rome in 600 BC.
into two classes
They traded with
the Greeks and
The Patricians who founded Rome
gave to the
and The Plebeians the farmers,
people of Rome
workers, merchants, and craftworkers
Greek ideas
who settled in Rome later.
and customs. Some men & all women and slaves were not citizens.
Roman
Dictatorship
Emperor
or Dictator
Roman
Senate
carried out
the wishes
of the Dictator
Citizens
Julius Caesar
and later
emperors
sieze control
and rule
with absolute
power
II. The Roman Empire
B. The Age of Augustus
1. Augustus was such a strong leader that it brought
about 200 years of peace known as ________________.
a) The empire grew two and a half million sq. miles.
b) He choose the people for top government jobs.
c) He made more men eligible for _________________.
d) He created laws that were more equal and fair.
(All are innocent till proven guilty and people could
not be forced to speak in court against themselves.)
2. The Romans created the idea of a count of a country’s
people or a ____________________ for tax purposes.
3. The Romans also created a ______________, or armies
of 6,000 well trained men.
a) keep out enemy invaders
b) to keep peace among citizens.
c) to build roads.
II. The Roman Empire
C. Pride in Rome
1. Augustus wanted the city of Rome to be greater. So he had built
in the center of Rome huge government buildings called
_______________________.
2 New temples and building arose and the influence of
____________ culture could be seen in every building.
a) straight columns and beams
b) arches they borrowed from the ________________.
3. The largest entertainment arena was the ___________ where as
many as 50,000 Romans could watch slaves and prisoners, or
___________________, fight to the death.
4. The Romans also built bridges and canals called
_______________ to carry water from distance rivers.
D. Literature, Arts, and Language
1. Rome was the Leader, but Romans looked to _____________for
cultural ideas and copied its art, writing styles, and philosophy.
2. Augustus asked Roman artists and writers to create works that
would bring out ____________ feelings and glorify Rome.
a) the Poet Virgil wrote the “Aeneid” an early story of Rome.
b) The language of _____________ became used in all the
Roman province for government and education.
III. The Beginnings of Christianity
A. Religion and the Roman Empire
1. Augustus Caesar was not only a ruler of an empire, but
a leader of religion. They worshipped many gods.
a) ____________ was the oldest.
b) ____________ the god of war
c) ____________ The goddess of harvest & farming.
d) ____________ The god of beginnings & endings.
2. The Romans accepted the beliefs of other peoples.
Often only the names were changed.
Greek Goddess Hera becomes ____________.
Greek God Zeus becomes __________________.
3. The Romans believed that harm would come to the
empire if people did not respect the Roman gods.
4. The Romans allowed the ___________ people in the
providence of Judaea to follow their own religious
leaders, laws, and teachers.
III. The Beginnings of Christianity
B. The Rise of Christianity
1. Judaism believed that a ___________________, or wise leader
would come to establish god’s kingdom on earth.
2. During King Herod’s time it was reported that a Jewish teacher
Jesus, who claimed to be God’s son was performing miracles.
3. Roman and Jewish leaders began to worry when some of
Jesus followers thought he was the messiah.
4. In about 30 A.D. Jesus was executed by ____________, or
being nailed to a cross and left to die.
5. Twelve trusted followers, or _____________________, claimed
that Jesus rose after being dead 3 days. They spread the belief
of this resurrection throughout the Roman Empire.
6. This new religion became _____________________. The life of
“Jesus Christus” was written in the _______________________.
7. In the New Testament Jesus’s life and actions are called the
“good news”, or ________________, and were written by his
followers Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
8. This was added to the Jewish first part of the Bible called the
___________________________________.
III. The Beginnings of Christianity
C. Rome Reacts To The New Religion
1. The Roman officials feared the growth of Christianity a threat.
2. They arrested, persecuted, or mistreated Christians who
refused to worship Roman gods.
3. Many early Christians became _________________, or people
who suffer or die for their beliefs.
4. Romans are impressed by their sacrifice and become __________.
D. Constantine Accepts Christianity
1. As Christianity was growing stronger, _______________
___________________________ was growing weaker.
2. The empire is expensive and increased taxes causes hardships.
3. Outsiders attacked the empire.
a) invaders attacked from the north.
b) Persians tried to seize Roman lands in ________________.
c) The _______________ raided Roman lands in North Africa.
4. Emperors governed badly and lose the citizens’ respect.
5. Many citizens had never been to Rome and even the soldiers felt
little loyalty to Rome. Instead they were loyal to their ___________.
6. In 312 A.D. two Roman generals wanted to be emperor.
7. Constantine was not a Christian, but he had a vision. He had
crosses painted on his soldiers’ shields and won the battle.
Christianity becomes accepted.
III. The Beginnings of Christianity
E. The Decline Of Rome
1. Constantine felt that Rome as a capital was too far from
the center of things and unsafe.
2. He choose a new capital Byzantium which was
renamed _____________________________, or city of
Constantine in 330 A.D.
3. In 410 A.D. the ___________________ crossed the Alps
and attacked the city of Rome.
4. Rome was a capital no longer, but it was the
headquarters of the ________________ ____________.
5. The Roman Empire split apart.
a) The eastern part of the former empire would keep
Roman ways alive for centuries.
b) The western part broke into small _____________.
ADDITIONAL
MATERIAL
Changes in Democracy
(Rule By The People)
The Greek
City-State of Athens
All male citizens over
the age of twenty
votes in the Ecclesia,
or assembly every
14 days making a laws
and decisions for the
community.
The Roman
The United States
Republic
Of America
Ancient Rome
A Democratic Republic
All male citizens
All people registered
Could vote in an annual as citizen voters and
Election for Senators
over the age of 18
To represent them and elect government
Make all laws and
officals to represent
Decisions in the
them.
Roman Republic.
House of Representatives
Patrician elect Senators every 2 years.
President every 4 years.
& Plebeians elect ten
Senators every 6 years.
Tribunes with a veto
power.
Woman & Slaves are not Citizens and
Have not voice in the government.
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II. Life in the Roman Republic
A. Education:
1.Before the age of seven, mothers taught their sons and
daughters. After seven the girls were taught to spin,
weave, and sew.
2. After seven the boys came under the control of their
fathers. The father decided what their son needed to
know to be successful in life.
a) Roman law, history, and customs.
b) physical training
c) preparation for war
d) reverence for the gods.
3. Boys learned by example and accompanied their
father on all important occasions.
4. Only the wealthy families could afford a fully bi-lingual
education. Their sons had to learn Greek because it
was the “International language”.
II. Life in the Roman Republic
B. Housing in Rome:
1.Before the Roman Empire expanded to the East private
houses, or “domus” were small simple designs.
2. The Patricians became wealthier as money poured into
Rome as the Empire grew.
a) their house became immense adorned with
columns, painting, and statues.
b) slave quarters were added or expanded
3. The Plebeians became poorer as the number of slaves
in Rome increased. Many were forced to live in
“insulas” or apartment houses owned by Patrician
landlords.
a. Three stories high around an open courtyard.
b. built originally of timber & mud brick, but later
fired brick and concrete.
c. Apartments outnumber “domus” style houses
25 to 1.
Comparing
Rome
Same gods different names
1) Religion
& Greece
Greek gods
____________to______________ 2) Leadership Monarchy & Democracy
___________ to ______________
Latin
3) Language Greek
4) Knowledge
Legend: Hellen flood survivor
ROME
*
Epic Poems: Iliad & Odysseus
GREECE
*
Plays: Comedies & Tragedies
Philosophers:
Socrates, Plato, & Aristotle
Writers: Herodotus said History
is cause & effect
Scientists: Hippocrates said
Illnesses came from natural
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causes.
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