Download Ancient Rome - Regents Review

By: Susan M. Pojer
Horace Greeley H.S. Chappaqua, NY
The Geography of Rome
Italy in 750 BCE
Influence of the Etruscans
 Writing
 Religion
 The Arch
The Mythical Founding of
Rome:
Romulus & Remus
Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)
Senate
(Representative body for patricians)
Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians)
The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE
 Providing political and social
rights for the plebeians.
The Roman Forum
Rome’s Early Road System
Roman Roads:
The Appian Way
Roman Aqueducts
The Roman Colosseum
The Colosseum Interior
Circus Maximus
Carthaginian Empire
Hannibal’s Route
Reform Leaders
 Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
•
the poor should be given grain
and small plots of free land.
Military Reformer
 Gaius Marius
•
recruited an army from the poor
and homeless.
•
professional standing army.
Civil War & Dictators
Julius Caesar
Pompey
Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC
The Die is Cast!
The First Triumvirate
 Julius Caesar
 Marcus Licinius Crassus
 Gaius Magnus Pompey
Beware the Ides of March!
44 BCE
The Second Triumvirate
 Octavian Augustus
 Marc Antony
 Marcus Lepidus
Octavian Augustus:
Rome’s First Emperor
The First Roman
Dynasty
Pax Romana: 27 BCE – 180 CE
The Greatest Extent of the
Roman Empire – 14 CE
The Rise of Christianity
•
63 BC – Rome controls Judea
– Self-govern
– Jewish kings ruled as Reps of
Rome
• 6 AD – Rome made Judea a
Providence
Jews are divided
1. Zealots – wanted to rid Judea of
Romans
2. Messiah – biblical tradition-God
would send messiah to restore
Kingdom of Jews
SPREAD OF CHRISTIANITY
• Peter, Paul, and James
• Leaders of movement
• Traveled and spoke all over the
world
– Jesus was son of God and died for
our sins
• Paul
– Never saw Jesus, had vision
– Traveled around Mediterranean to
Mesopotamia to Rome
St. Paul:
Apostle to the Gentiles
The Spread of Christianity
TRIUMPH
313 AD Edict of Milan
–Roman Empire would not
persecute any religion
Constantine
–393 AD – Christianity religion
of Rome
MARCUS AURELIUS
Last Good Emperor
Imperial Roman Road System
DECLINE OF ROME
180 AD – Death of Marcus Aurelius
–Last good Emperor
–Ended Pax Romana and Golden Age
Struggles for Power
–50 Emperors in 26 years
–One died of natural death
–Overthrown or assassinated
The Empire in Crisis: 3c
DIOCLETION
284 AD - Restored order
–Recruited soldiers/expanded army
–Hired mercenaries and foreign armies
–Fixed prices to stop inflation
–Forced farmers to stay on land
ECONOMIC/SOCIAL PROBLEMS
High taxes to support Army
–Put heavy burden on businesses
and small farmers
Farmland over cultivated
–Farmers would leave land
Christianity rising
DIVISION OF ROME
Eastern – Diocletian
–Greek speaking
–Wealthy and prospering
–Byzantium is capital
Western – Co-Emperors
–Latin speaking
–In major decline
Diocletian Splits the
Empire in Two: 294 CE
Constantine: 312 - 337
CONSTANTINE
324 AD – Gained control of both
Roman Empires
Built Constantinople (Byzantium)
–Moved capital to Constantinople
• Power shifting to East
• After Death
–World divided again
Constantinople: “The 2nd
Rome” (Founded in 330)
Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c
Attila the Hun:
“The Scourge of God”
Byzantium:
The Eastern Roman Empire
The Byzantine Empire
During the Reign of Justinian
The Byzantine Emperor
Justinian
The Legacy of Rome
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Republic Government
Roman Law
Latin Language
Roman Catholic Church
City Planning
Romanesque Architectural Style
Roman Engineering
• Aqueducts
• Sewage systems
• Dams
• Cement
• Arch