Download The Third Punic War (149

The Roman Republic
509 BCE – 30 BCE
The Roman Republic – Notes (page 3)
Expanding the Roman Republic
• Overthrowing _____________
____________________________
_______________________________
_____________________________
________________________
Expanding the Roman Republic
• Overthrowing the Etruscan king
_______________ and setting up a
republic were great accomplishments for
the Romans - __________________
________________________
Expanding the Roman Republic
• Overthrowing the Etruscan king
(Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a
republic were great accomplishments for
the Romans - __________________
________________________
Expanding the Roman Republic
• Overthrowing the Etruscan king
(Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a
republic were great accomplishments for
the Romans – they wanted to_______
________________________
Expanding the Roman Republic
• Overthrowing the Etruscan king
(Tarquin the Proud) and setting up a
republic were great accomplishments for
the Romans – they wanted to preserve
and protect the Roman Republic
• As the __________________
_____________________________
___________
• As the Roman Republic became
established, it moved toward_______
____________
• As the Roman Republic became
established, it moved toward conquest
and expansion.
• Reasons for conquest and expansion
(1) ______________
(2) _______________________
__________
(3) _____________________
______
• Reasons for conquest and expansion
(1) need for security
(2) _______________________
__________
(3) _____________________
______
• Reasons for conquest and expansion
(1) need for security
(2) increase in population → need
for more land
(3) _____________________
______
• Reasons for conquest and expansion
(1) need for security
(2) increase in population → need
for more land
(3) more land → ___________
______
• Reasons for conquest and expansion
(1) need for security
(2) increase in population → need
for more land
(3) more land → need for more
workers
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
________________
_____________
_______________
____________________
______
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
desire for new ideas
_____________
_______________
____________________
______
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
desire for new ideas
hunger for power
greed and ambition
____________________
______
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
desire for new ideas
hunger for power
greed and ambition
aggressive nature (love of
fighting)
• By 275 BCE, ___________________
______________________________
• By 275 BCE, the _____ Peninsula was
conquered (this includes the _______)
• By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was
conquered (this includes the _______)
• By 275 BCE, the Italian Peninsula was
conquered (this includes the Etruscans)
Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army
• The ____________________________
______________________________
________
Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army
• The _________ was largely responsible
for the republic’s success in conquering
new lands.
Expanding the Roman Republic – The Army
• The Roman army was largely responsible
for the republic’s success in conquering
new lands.
• Roman soldiers were _______ soldiers ________________________________
__
• Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers ________________________________
__
• Roman soldiers were excellent soldiers –
they obeyed authority without questioning
it.
• The legion
(1) _________________________
_______
(2) _______________________
________
• The legion
(1) the legion was _____________
_______
(2)
_______________________
________
• The legion
(1) the legion was the basic unit of
the army
(2)
_______________________
________
• The legion
(1) the legion was the basic unit of
the army
(2) individual soldiers were
called
________
• The legion
(1) the legion was the basic unit of
the army
(2) individual soldiers were
called
legionaries
(3) There were ____________
legionaries in each legion
(3) There were 4,000 to 6,000
legionaries in each legion
Oh yeah. There’s more of us!
…and more…
…and more. Get the picture?
• Legionaries _________________
_____________________________
__________________________
(1) _____________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high _____ (high
fighting spirit) - _______________
__________________________
(1) _____________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) - _______________
__________________________
(1) _____________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) _____________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) _____________________
_______________________
_______________________
_______
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) ________ – execute every
10th man in the legion if they
showed cowardice or mutinied
(revolted)
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) decimation – execute every
10th man in the legion if they
showed cowardice or mutinied
(revolted)
(2) _____________________
____________________
_____
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) decimation – execute every
10th man in the legion if they
showed cowardice or mutinied
(revolted)
(2) __________ – given to 1st
man to take the wall in an
assault
• Legionaries had high morale (high
fighting spirit) – motivated by harsh
punishments and generous rewards
(1) decimation – execute every
10th man in the legion if they
showed cowardice or mutinied
(revolted)
(2) crown of gold – given to 1st
man to take the wall in an
assault
• At first, ____________________
________
(1) eventually, ________________
_______________________
(2) after _________________
_______________________
________________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
________
(1) eventually, ________________
_______________________
(2) after _________________
_______________________
________________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
volunteers
(1) eventually, ________________
_______________________
(2) after _________________
_______________________
________________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
volunteers
(1) eventually, lower class and nonRomans were allowed to fight
(2) after 25 years of service, a
soldier could
_____________
________________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
volunteers
(1) eventually, lower class and nonRomans were allowed to fight
(2) after 25 years of service, a
soldier could retire ______
_______________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
volunteers
(1) eventually, lower class and nonRomans were allowed to fight
(2) after 25 years of service, a
soldier could retire – he
would
get
____________________
____________
• At first, the army was made up of
volunteers
(1) eventually, lower class and nonRomans were allowed to fight
(2) after 25 years of service, a
soldier could retire – he
would
get a pension and a
plot of land
on the frontier
• Army built ____________________
___________
(1) ____________________
• Army built roads to _____________
___________
(1) ____________________
• Army built roads to connect all parts
of the country
(1) they lasted for _______
• Army built roads to connect all parts
of the country
(1) they lasted for centuries
• ____________________________
______
• _____________ – special guard for
Emperor
• Praetorian Guard – special guard for
Emperor
• Warfare tactics that were unique to the
Romans
(1) _____________________
______________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________
(a) _______________________
• Warfare tactics that were unique to the
Romans
(1) _____________________
________ – soldiers overlap
shields over their heads as well
as in the front and on the sides
of a large unit of men
(a) _______________________
• Warfare tactics that were unique to the
Romans
(1) tortoise formation (testudo
formation) – soldiers overlap
shields over their heads as well
as in the front and on the sides
of a large unit of men
(a) _______________________
• Warfare tactics that were unique to the
Romans
(1) tortoise formation (testudo
formation) – soldiers overlap
shields over their heads as well
as in the front and on the sides
of a large unit of men
(a) this offered great protection
tortoise formation (testudo formation)
(2) weapons included ___________
___________
(2) weapons included _______ – to
throw objects
(2) weapons included catapults – to
throw objects
catapult
(3) _____________________________
(3) encampments (____) built on frontier
(3) encampments (forts) built on frontier
Can you name the group?
(please don’t call it out)
(4) __________
(4) built bridges
Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman
Republic
• ___________________
Senatus Populusque Romanus
“The Senate and the People of Rome”
Overall Policy of the Expanding Roman
Republic
• Divide, conquer, and rule
Senatus Populusque Romanus
“The Senate and the People of Rome”
• Romans _____________________
____
(1) _________________________
_________________
• Romans treated conquered enemies
____
(1) ________________________
_________________
• Romans treated conquered enemies
fairly
(1) ________________________
_________________
• Romans treated conquered enemies
fairly
(1) enemies became allies and proud
to be a part of Rome
• Romans often ___________
Next –
The Punic Wars
• Romans often made treaties
Next –
The Punic Wars
The Punic Wars
The Struggle for Mastery
of the Mediterranean World
The Roman Republic – Notes (page 4)
The Punic Wars
• Introduction – Before the War
(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled ___
__________________
(2) _______________________
__________________________
_____________________
________________________
The Punic Wars
• Introduction – Before the War
(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the
entire Italian Peninsula
(2) _______________________
__________________________
_____________________
________________________
The Punic Wars
• Introduction – Before the War
(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the
entire Italian Peninsula
(2) Carthage ruled ___________
__________________________
_____________________
________________________
The Punic Wars
• Introduction – Before the War
(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the
entire Italian Peninsula
(2) Carthage ruled most of North
Africa and West Africa, part of
Spain, some islands off the
coast of Italy, & western Sicily
The Punic Wars
• Introduction – Before the War
(1) By 275 BCE, Rome ruled the
entire Italian Peninsula
(2) Carthage ruled most of North
Africa and West Africa, part of
Spain, some islands off the
coast of Italy, & western Sicily
• Why did the war start?
(1) ___________________________
(2) ________________________
• Why did the war start?
(1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage
(2) ________________________
• Why did the war start?
(1) Rome felt threatened by Carthage
(2) Rome wanted Sicily’s granaries
• The First Punic War ___________
(1) _________________________
(2) _______________________
• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
(1) _________________________
(2) _______________________
• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s strength – ________
(2) _______________________
• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea)
(2) _______________________
• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea)
(2) Rome’s strength – ________
• The First Punic War (264-241 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s strength – navy (sea)
(2) Rome’s strength – army (land)
(2) Romans built __________________
______________
(a) _________________________
___________________
(2) Romans built their first _________
to battle Carthage
(a) _________________________
___________________
(2) Romans built their first fleet (navy)
to battle Carthage
(a) _________________________
___________________
(2) Romans built their first fleet (navy)
to battle Carthage
(a) modeled ships after _________
___________________
(2) Romans built their first fleet (navy)
to battle Carthage
(a) modeled ships after Carthaginian
ships with 1 improvement
* _____ – ________________________
- ______________________
_____
* _____ – movable bridge on front of ship
- turned land battles into ___
_____
* corvus – movable bridge on front of ship
- turned land battles into ___
_____
* corvus – movable bridge on front of ship
- turned sea battles into land
battles
(3) _______________________
(a) ______________
(3) ____ won the First Punic War
(a) gained _________
(3) Rome won the First Punic War
(a) gained _________
(3) Rome won the First Punic War
(a) gained all of Sicily
• The Second Punic War ___________
(1) ______________________
Hannibal Barca
• The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
(1) ______________________
Hannibal Barca
• The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s leader - ______
Hannibal Barca
• The Second Punic War (218-201 BCE)
(1) Carthage’s leader - Hannibal
Hannibal Barca
Hannibal
(2) Carthage __________________
____________
(a) ______________________
______________
(2) Carthage attacked Rome ______
____________
(a) ______________________
______________
(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land
____________
(a) ______________________
______________
(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land
from the north
(a) ______________________
______________
(2) Carthage attacked Rome by land
from the north
(a) marched from Spain through
Gaul and over Alps
(b) unique fact – ________________
(b) unique fact – brought __ elephants
(b) unique fact – brought 37 elephants
(3) Hannibal’s army _____________
_________________________
___________________________
__________________________
(3) Hannibal’s army ___ every battle
against Rome, ______________
___________________________
__________________________
(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle
against Rome, ______________
___________________________
__________________________
(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle
against Rome, all the way to the
gates of Rome – unable to capture
Rome because ______________
(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle
against Rome, all the way to the
gates of Rome – unable to capture
Rome because no siege equipment
(3) Hannibal’s army won every battle
against Rome, all the way to the
gates of Rome – unable to capture
Rome because no siege equipment
(4) for 15 years __________________
______________________
(4) for 15 years Hannibal raided/burned
towns and land in south Italy
(5) Rome _______________________
(a) _______________________
_______________________
(5) Rome attacked ____, near Carthage
(a) _______________________
_______________________
(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage
(a) _______________________
_______________________
(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage
(a) Hannibal returned home – ___
_______________________
(5) Rome attacked Zama, near Carthage
(a) Hannibal returned home – lost
his first battle (and the war)
(6) _________________________
(a) __________________
__________________________
(6) ____ won the Second Punic War
(a) gained _____________
__________________________
(6) Rome won the Second Punic War
(a) gained _____________
__________________________
(6) Rome won the Second Punic War
(a) gained all of Carthage’s
territories (including Spain) and _
(6) Rome won the Second Punic War
(a) gained all of Carthage’s
territories (including Spain) and $
• The Third Punic War ___________
(1) _______________________
(2) ________________________
__________________
• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
(1) _______________________
(2) ________________________
__________________
• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
(1) there was peace for 50 years
(2) ________________________
__________________
• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
(1) there was peace for 50 years
(2) then, Carthage began to regain
power – ___________
• The Third Punic War (149-146 BCE)
(1) there was peace for 50 years
(2) then, Carthage began to regain
power – Rome attacked
(a) Rome _____________
(b) Rome _____________________
_________________
(c) Rome _____________________
_____________
(a) Rome burned Carthage
(b) Rome _____________________
_________________
(c) Rome _____________________
_____________
(a) Rome burned Carthage
(b) Rome sowed salt into the ground
so nothing would grow
(c) Rome _____________________
_____________
(a) Rome burned Carthage
(b) Rome sowed salt into the ground
so nothing would grow
(c) Rome killed Carthaginians or sold
them into slavery
(3) ________________________
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ____________________
_____
________
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) ____ won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ____________________
_____
________
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ____________________
_____
________
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE
_____
________
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE
Greece
________
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE
Greece
Macedonia
____
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE
Greece
Macedonia
Syria
***Bottom Line – __________________
___________________
________________
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(3) Rome won the Third Punic War
• Other
(1)
(2)
(3)
areas ruled by Rome by 146 BCE
Greece
Macedonia
Syria
***Bottom Line – By 146 BCE, Rome was
the leading power in the
Mediterranean world
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(1) Hand-backs
Go Over Quest
(2) Current Events this Friday
(3) Presentations this Friday
(4) New & Goods