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Bell Work • I want you to start thinking of Rome & so here are some questions I want you to answer before we start! –Please use your books if necessary! Bell Work • Questions – What do you know about Rome? • Please tell me everything you know! – Where was the Roman Republic & Empire located? – Who were some famous people of Rome? – Why do you think the Roman Republic & Empire were important? – As you look through the sections of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, please tell me what you are most excited to learn about & why! The Roman Republic Italy’s Geography • Geography influenced history –Alps in North=Separation from Europe – Peninsula • Traded w/ Egypt, Greece, & neighbors –Culture influenced by other cultures around the sea Italy’s Geography • Plains & Mountains – Peninsula goes into Mediterranean Sea – Island to the west is Sicily • Greek colonists went for rich farmland – Apennines Mt. runs north to south • Travel difficult Italy’s Geography • Plains & Mountains – Volcanoes • Mt. Etna & Mt. Vesuvius – Buried Pompeii & Herculaneum » A.D. 79 – Fertile Plains • Po River Valley • Latium-West Coast – Tiber river runs through the plains » 2,000 yrs. ago city that sat along river was center of Empire » Rome Exit Slip • Please answer this question about the geographical feature that I give you. –How could your geographical feature effect the Roman Republic or the people of the Roman society? Rulers of Rome • Etruscans=earliest people in Italy • Early Italy ruled by Etruscan kings • 510 B.C. Romans drove out kings • Founded Republic – Gov’t leaders elected to office Rulers of Rome • Patricians & Plebeians – Patricians-Powerful group of Rome’s wealthiest became rulers – Plebeians-Poor farmers & shopkeepers who could not hold office – All considered Roman citizens • Born in the country • Becomes member of country by law – Rome was a military power • 250 B.C. Rome conquered most of Italian peninsula • Conquered people became citizens & served in the army Rulers of Rome • Patricians & Plebeians – Consuls-Rome had 2 elected leaders • No one could take over as dictator or oppressive leader • Both consuls had to agree on public plan – Could veto the plan of other consul • No dictator would arise – Senate had to approve the consuls’ plans Exit Slip •How was the Roman Republic similar to the U.S. government? Rulers of Rome • Plebeian Demands – Plebeians thought the gov’t was unfair • They were citizens • Served in the army • Paid taxes – 494 B.C. Plebeians went on strike • Refused to open shops • Refused to serve in the army • Refused to bring crops to Rome Rulers of Rome • Plebeian Demands – Patricians agreed to share power • Panic – Plebeian assembly was created • Elect representatives or tribunes – Veto laws & review judges’ laws – Plebeian’s said they did not know the laws • Laws on display in Rome’s public marketplace • Twelve Tables-Carved on twelve large, stone table Rulers of Rome • Slave Revolt –Enslaved people • Captured during war or anyone of any race – Had some legal rights & could buy freedom –Life was harsh for slaves • Gladiators-group of slaves Rulers of Rome • Slave Revolt – Gladiators-group of slaves • Fought wild animals or each other to the death in arenas • 73 B.C. 70,000 gladiators & Spartacus in revolt – Went across the peninsula – Spartacus & followers defeated & put to death • Ended serious fight of slavery in Roman world A Powerful Enemy • Carthage=Phoenician city-state –Northern Africa • Rome & Carthage struggled for power –Called the Punic Wars A Powerful Enemy • The Punic Wars –218 B.C. Carthage army crossed Alps & invaded Italy –Carthage general Hannibal defeated Rome –Rome invaded N. Africa • Hannibal went back to Carthage to defend it A Powerful Enemy • The Punic Wars – Battle to the death – 146 B.C. Rome defeated Carthage • Survivors sold to slavery • Burned all buildings in Carthage • Legend-Poured salt on ground so nothing would grow – Rome ruled the Mediterranean world A Powerful Enemy A Powerful Enemy • A Battle for Power –Civil wars occurred after the Punic Wars • War between groups w/in a country • Wealthy Romans vs. powerful generals –Julius Caesar was one of the generals »58 B.C. army conquered Gaul (France) »Popular general »Led soldiers to Rome »Became the dictator for life A Powerful Enemy • A Battle for Power – Caesar made changes • Revised the Roman calendar • Gave land & grain to the poor • Increased number of senators • Citizenship to foreigners – Caesar still had enemies