Download The Roman Republic

Bell Work
• I want you to start thinking of
Rome & so here are some questions
I want you to answer before we
start!
–Please use your books if necessary!
Bell Work
• Questions
– What do you know about Rome?
• Please tell me everything you know!
– Where was the Roman Republic & Empire located?
– Who were some famous people of Rome?
– Why do you think the Roman Republic & Empire
were important?
– As you look through the sections of the Roman
Republic and the Roman Empire, please tell me what
you are most excited to learn about & why!
The Roman
Republic
Italy’s Geography
• Geography influenced history
–Alps in North=Separation from Europe
– Peninsula
• Traded w/ Egypt, Greece, & neighbors
–Culture influenced by other cultures
around the sea
Italy’s Geography
• Plains & Mountains
– Peninsula goes into
Mediterranean Sea
– Island to the west is Sicily
• Greek colonists went for
rich farmland
– Apennines Mt. runs north
to south
• Travel difficult
Italy’s Geography
• Plains & Mountains
– Volcanoes
• Mt. Etna & Mt. Vesuvius
– Buried Pompeii & Herculaneum
» A.D. 79
– Fertile Plains
• Po River Valley
• Latium-West Coast
– Tiber river runs through the plains
» 2,000 yrs. ago city that sat along river was center of
Empire
» Rome
Exit Slip
• Please answer this question
about the geographical feature
that I give you.
–How could your geographical feature
effect the Roman Republic or the people
of the Roman society?
Rulers of Rome
• Etruscans=earliest people in Italy
• Early Italy ruled by Etruscan kings
• 510 B.C. Romans drove out kings
• Founded Republic
– Gov’t leaders elected to office
Rulers of Rome
• Patricians & Plebeians
– Patricians-Powerful group of Rome’s wealthiest became
rulers
– Plebeians-Poor farmers & shopkeepers who could not hold
office
– All considered Roman citizens
• Born in the country
• Becomes member of country by law
– Rome was a military power
• 250 B.C. Rome conquered most of Italian peninsula
• Conquered people became citizens & served in the army
Rulers of Rome
• Patricians & Plebeians
– Consuls-Rome had 2 elected
leaders
• No one could take over as
dictator or oppressive leader
• Both consuls had to agree on
public plan
– Could veto the plan of other
consul
• No dictator would arise
– Senate had to approve the
consuls’ plans
Exit Slip
•How was the Roman
Republic similar to the
U.S. government?
Rulers of Rome
• Plebeian Demands
– Plebeians thought the gov’t was unfair
• They were citizens
• Served in the army
• Paid taxes
– 494 B.C. Plebeians went on strike
• Refused to open shops
• Refused to serve in the army
• Refused to bring crops to Rome
Rulers of Rome
• Plebeian Demands
– Patricians agreed to share power
• Panic
– Plebeian assembly was created
• Elect representatives or tribunes
– Veto laws & review judges’ laws
– Plebeian’s said they did not know the laws
• Laws on display in Rome’s public marketplace
• Twelve Tables-Carved on twelve large, stone table
Rulers of Rome
• Slave Revolt
–Enslaved people
• Captured during war or anyone of any race
– Had some legal rights & could buy
freedom
–Life was harsh for slaves
• Gladiators-group of slaves
Rulers of Rome
• Slave Revolt
– Gladiators-group of slaves
• Fought wild animals or each
other to the death in arenas
• 73 B.C. 70,000 gladiators &
Spartacus in revolt
– Went across the peninsula
– Spartacus & followers
defeated & put to death
• Ended serious fight of slavery
in Roman world
A Powerful Enemy
• Carthage=Phoenician
city-state
–Northern Africa
• Rome & Carthage
struggled for power
–Called the Punic
Wars
A Powerful Enemy
• The Punic Wars
–218 B.C. Carthage army crossed Alps &
invaded Italy
–Carthage general Hannibal defeated
Rome
–Rome invaded N. Africa
• Hannibal went back to Carthage to defend it
A Powerful Enemy
• The Punic Wars
– Battle to the death
– 146 B.C. Rome defeated Carthage
• Survivors sold to slavery
• Burned all buildings in Carthage
• Legend-Poured salt on ground so nothing
would grow
– Rome ruled the Mediterranean world
A Powerful Enemy
A Powerful Enemy
• A Battle for Power
–Civil wars occurred after the Punic Wars
• War between groups w/in a country
• Wealthy Romans vs. powerful generals
–Julius Caesar was one of the generals
»58 B.C. army conquered Gaul (France)
»Popular general
»Led soldiers to Rome
»Became the dictator for life
A Powerful Enemy
• A Battle for Power
– Caesar made changes
• Revised the Roman calendar
• Gave land & grain to the poor
• Increased number of senators
• Citizenship to foreigners
– Caesar still had enemies