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Unit 7 Chemical Reactions – Ch. 11 Today… Before Class: ◦ New Seats Our Plan: ◦ Introduce yourself to your new lab partner ◦ New Calendar ◦ Evidence of Chemical Change Lab ◦ Wrap Up – How do we know a reaction took place? Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Finish all lab questions – due next class Today… Before Class: ◦ Pick up Calendar, Notes, & Worksheet Packet Our Plan: ◦ Review & Ionic Insanity Game ◦ Naming Compounds Worksheet ◦ Daily Challenge - Definitions ◦ Notes – Balancing Equations ◦ Worksheet #1 ◦ Wrap Up – chembalancer online Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Review Worksheet – due next class Remember Naming? Compound Type Made of Rules Rules for Writing for Naming Formulas Examples Ca(NO3)2 Ionic Ammonium phosphate C6H7O2 Covalent Dinitrogen pentahydride Ionic Insanity Rules Each player selects a game piece. Play begins with the student with the longest name. The student rolls a cation dice and an anion dice. Based on what the dice land on, the student will say the formula and the name for the compound. It is up to the other members of the group to determine if the name and formula are correct. If the formula is right, the student gets to move 3 spaces on the board. If the name is correct they get to move 2 spaces. Both correct answers result in a player moving 5 spaces on the game board. Play continues clockwise. The game ends when a student gets to the end of the game board. That student is the winner. Let’s try a few from the WS… Daily Challenge As a table, come up with a definition for each of the following terms that we’ve already covered: ◦ Subscript ◦ Law of Conservation of Mass ◦ Reactant ◦ Product Chemical Reactions with Bill Nye http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=66kuhJ kQCVM Indication of a Chemical Reaction 1. 2. 3. 4. Evolution of heat & light Production of a gas Formation of a precipitate (solid) Color Change Word Equation An equation in which the reactants & products in a chemical reaction are represented. QUALITATIVE ONLY Example Methane plus oxygen forms carbon dioxide plus water Reactants & Products Label the Reactants and Products in the Example given: Methane plus oxygen forms carbon dioxide plus water Chemical Equation Represents with symbols & formulas the reactants & the products in a chemical reaction QUALITATIVE & QUANTITATIVE 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O Reactants & Products Label the Reactants and Products in the Example given: 2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O Coefficient Small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a chemical equation Coefficient Tells how many moles there are 4KClO3 = 4 moles of potassium chlorate Counting Atoms 4KClO3 ◦4 K ◦4 Cl ◦12 O = Counting Atoms 3Mg(NO3)2 = ◦3 Mg 3 Mg ◦6 N OR 6 NO 3 ◦18 O Think about it… What things do you think can be done to increase the rate of a reaction? Rate of Reaction Reaction rate can be affected by: ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦ Temperature Surface Area Concentration Pressure Addition of a Catalyst There is an entire area of chemistry that focuses on rates of reactions. It is called KINETICS. Catalyst A substance that speeds up a reaction, but is not used up in the reaction It is neither a reactant, nor a product Solubility Soluble – a substance that can be dissolved (AQUEOUS) Insoluble – a substance that does not dissolve (SOLID) Symbols Yields Reversible ◦Products reform original reactants Solid (s) Symbols (l ) Aqueous (aq) ◦Dissolved in water Liquid Symbols Gas (g) Reactants heated heat Catalyst Pt Law of Conversation of Mass In a reaction, mass is neither created, nor destroyed What Does This Mean? The amount of products are equal to the amount of reactants Need the same number of atoms of an element on each side of an equationBALANCE! To Balance an Equation 1. Write out the equation using the correct symbols & formulas To Balance an Equation 2. ◦ Count the number of atoms of each element on each side of the arrow Count a polyatomic ion as a single unit if it appears unchanged on both sides of the equation To Balance an Equation 3. ◦ Add coefficients ONLY to balance the number of atoms on each side Never change the subscripts! To Balance an Equation Recheck your atoms on each side 5. Make sure coefficients are in the lowest possible ratio 4. Rule of Thumb! Always balance hydrogen & oxygen last! If there is an odd number, double it! Example: H2 + O2 H2O Practice Problem 1 Na + Cl2 NaCl Practice Problem 2 K + H2O KOH + H2 Practice Problem 3 Al2(SO4)3 + Ca(OH)2 Al(OH)3+ CaSO4 Try it on your own! Rb + Al + Al4C3+ S8 ZnCl2 H2O Rb2S Zn + CH4 + AlCl3 Al(OH)3 The Answers 16Rb + S8 --> 8Rb2S 2Al + 3ZnCl2 --> 3Zn + 2AlCl3 Al4C3 + 12H2O --> 3CH4 + 4Al(OH)3 STOP! Complete Worksheet # 1 by next class Wrap Up 1. 2. 3. Get your Chromebook Go to http://funbasedlearning.com/chemistry/ch emBalancer/ Complete the equations Today… Turn in: ◦ Worksheet #1 Our Plan: ◦ Balancing Race ◦ Balancing Quiz ◦ Notes – How Chemistry is Like Love ◦ List-Group-Label Reactions ◦ Begin Worksheet #2 ◦ Wrap Up – Reaction Sort Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Worksheet #2 (Optional) Types of chemical reactions How chemistry is like LOVE! Why do we classify types of reactions? There are thousands of reactions around us, so we need a way to classify them. There are 5 major ways to classify reactions. If you can classify a reaction into one of the categories, you know a lot about it and you can predict products. Like the Linnaeus system! Combination (Synthesis) Reactions aka “Dating” Definition: 2 or more substances react to form a single new substance Synthesis Reactions General equation A + X --> AX Examples ◦2Mg + O2 --> 2MgO ◦2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl Synthesis Reaction 2Na + Cl2 2NaCl Decomposition Reactions aka “The Breakup” Definition- a single compound undergoes a reaction that produces 2 or more simpler substances Decomposition Reactions General equation AX --> A + X Examples ◦2HgO --> 2Hg + O2 ◦2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2 Decomposition Reaction 2NI3(s) → N2(g) + 3I2(g) Single-Replacement Reactions aka “Cheating” Definition – one element replaces a similar element in a compound Single-Replacement Reactions General Equation: A + BX --> AX + B or Y + BX --> BY + X Examples ◦ Mg + 2HCl --> H2 + MgCl2 ◦ Cl2 + 2KBr --> 2KCl + Br2 Single Replacement Reactions 2Mg + CO2 --> 2MgO + C Single Replacement Single replacement reactions only occur when a more reactive element is available to take the place of a less reactive element in solution. Remember reactivity on the Periodic Table? ◦ Francium is the most reactive metal ◦ Fluorine is the most reactive nonmetal Example Mg + Zn(NO3)2 → Mg(NO3)2 + Zn ◦ Because Mg is more reactive than Zn, it can take its place. Zn + Mg(NO3)2 → No Reaction ◦ Because Zn is less reactive than Mg, no reaction will take place. Try it Out… Will a reaction occur? ◦Ag + Ca(NO3)2 → ◦F2 + CaCl2 → ◦K + AgNO3 → Double-Replacement Reaction aka “Swapping” Definition – positive ions of 2 compounds exchange places ◦Usually happens in an aqueous solution and often produce a precipitate or a gas Double-Replacement Reactions General Equation AX + BY --> AY + BX Examples ◦ 2KI+Pb(NO3)2-->PbI2+2KNO3 ◦ HCl+NaOH-->NaCl+HOH Double-Replacement Reaction 2NaI + HgCl2 --> 2NaCl + HgI2 (s) Combustion Reaction aka “O2 Cute!” Definition – a substance combines with oxygen (O2), releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light & heat Combustion Reaction General equation – O2 is always a reactant and CO2 and H2O are usually products Examples ◦ C3H8 + 5O2 -->3CO2 + 4H2O ◦2H2 + O2 --> 2H2O Whoosh Bottle Demonstration http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AS8TD pFP0OQ STOP! Complete the List-GroupLabel activity in your notebooklet. Compare your answers with your shoulder-partner. Tip! Always write water +1 -1 as H OH Decomposition Rxns They are difficult to predict because different compounds break apart differently. Match up the type of decomposition reaction with the ones that follow and predict the products. Decomposition Rxns Decomposition of Binary Compounds: Breaks apart into its 2 components ◦ 2H2O --> 2H2 + O2 ◦ 2HgO --> 2Hg + O2 Decomposition Rxns Decomposition of Metal Carbonates Breaks apart to form a metal oxide and carbon dioxide gas ◦ CaCO3 --> CaO + CO2 Decomposition Rxns Decomposition of Metal Hydroxides Breaks apart to form a metal oxide and water ◦ Ca(OH)2 --> CaO + H2O Decomposition Rxns Decomposition of Metal Chlorates Breaks apart to form a metal chloride and oxygen gas ◦ 2KClO3 --> 2KCl + 3O2 Decomposition Rxns Decomposition of Acids Breaks apart to form a nonmetal oxide and water ◦ H2CO3 --> CO2 + H2O ◦ H2SO4 --> SO3 + H2O Example 1 Hydrogen + chlorine --> Example 2 iron (III) sulfate + hydrochloric acid --> Example 3 potassium iodide + bromine --> Example 4 magnesium oxide --> Wrap Up Reaction Sort Today… Turn in: ◦ Get out WS #2, notebooklet, and your PT Our Plan: ◦ Find Someone Who ◦ WS Problems ◦ Worksheet #2 ◦ Wrap Up – Reaction Sort Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ WS #2 Due Thursday/Friday Types of Reactions Review Combination (Synthesis) – Decomposition – Single Replacement – Double Replacement – Combustion - Find Someone Who Get a reaction card. Complete the Find Someone Who Activity in your notebooklet on p. 11 by finding students who match up with the different reaction types. #1 Worksheet Sodium iodide + chlorine --> #3 Worksheet Rubidium + bromine --> #6 on Worksheet Magnesium chlorate --> # 8 on Worksheet Carbon tetrahydride + oxygen --> #21 on Worksheet potassium + water --> #22 on Worksheet silver carbonate --> #23 on Worksheet Octane (C8H18) + O2 --> #25 on Worksheet Calcium sulfate + phosphoric acid --> #32 Worksheet Aluminum + sulfuric acid --> Stop! Work on WS#2 Wrap Up Reaction Sort Today… Turn in: ◦ Get out WS#2 Our Plan: ◦ Find Your Match & then Balance ◦ Work on WS#2 ◦ Types of Reactions Lab ◦ Wrap Up - Password Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ WS#2 Due Next Class Today… Turn in: ◦ Worksheet #2 ◦ Try It Out (p. 13 of notes) Our Plan: ◦ Daily Challenge (p. 13) ◦ Quiz ◦ Lab Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Nothing Try It Out Answers… Daily Challenge Label each reaction below as to its type (p. 13): 1. 2NaI + HgCl2 --> 2NaCl + HgI2 2. 2NI3(s) → N2(g) + 3I2(g) 3. 2Na + Cl2 --> 2NaCl 4. Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction between iron (III) oxide and aluminum. Daily Challenge The Equation: Type of Reaction: Thermite Reaction Video http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/animations/thermite.html Quiz – identify the type of reaction and write a balanced equation. 1a. Sodium iodide + chlorine --> 1b. Strontium bromide + ammonium sulfide --> 2a. Strontium + water --> 2b. Sulfuric acid + sodium chloride --> 3a. Aluminum + potassium sulfate --> 3b. Hydrogen + fluorine --> 4a. Cobalt (II) sulfate + sodium --> 4b. Aluminum + iodine --> Today… Turn in: ◦ Worksheet Our Plan: ◦ Review (?) ◦ Notes - Net Ionic Equations ◦ Worksheet #3 ◦ Finish Lab – DUE TODAY ◦ Wrap Up – Quiz, Quiz, Trade Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ WS#3 – Due Next Class Net Ionic Equations Dissociation – The separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves NaCl (s) --> Na+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Dissociation Net Ionic Equations Precipitation Reactions – a double replacement reaction in which a solid (precipitate) is produced Net Ionic Equations A precipitate forms because it is insoluble in the solution. To identify whether a compound will be a solid or aqueous, use a solubility table (R54) A little humor… Sample Solubility Table Net Ionic Equations Example: ◦BaI in water ◦Ca(OH)2 in water ◦CuS in water ◦AlCl3 in water Net Ionic Equations Spectator Ion – Ions that do not take part in a chemical reaction and are found in solution (aqueous) both before and after the reaction Net Ionic Equations Net Ionic Equation – an equation that includes only those compounds or ions that undergo a chemical change in a reaction in an aqueous solution (those that form precipitates) To Write Net Ionic Equations 1. 2. 3. Rewrite the equation to show dissociation Cancel out the spectator ions Rewrite the equation – this is the net ionic equation Example Write the net ionic equation for: Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + (NH4)2S (aq) -->ZnS (s) + 2NH4NO3(aq) Another Example Na2CO3 (aq) + CaCl2 (aq) --> 2NaCl (aq) + CaCO3 (s) Try It Out! Ag2SO4 (aq) + 2KCl (aq) --> 2AgCl (s) + K2SO4 (aq) STOP! Complete the Net Ionic Worksheet (#3) Finish the Types of Reactions Lab Wrap Up Quiz, Quiz Trade Today… Turn in: ◦ Worksheet #3 Our Plan: ◦ Net Ionic Equations Review ◦ Around the Room Review ◦ Unit 7 Lab Test ◦ Wrap Up –Slap Jack Vocab Review Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Lab Test due Monday Net Ionic Equation Review Write the complete and net ionic equation for: ◦ Ag2SO4 (aq) + 2KCl (aq) --> 2AgCl (s) + K2SO4 (aq) Lab Test Set Up: Today… Turn in: ◦ Unit 7 Lab Test Our Plan: ◦ Missing Work ◦ Test Review ◦ Clicker Review Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Test Review due next class ◦ Unit 7 Test Next Class Today… Turn in: ◦ Get Out Test Review to check Our Plan: ◦ Station Review ◦ Questions on Test Review ◦ Test ◦ Forensic Farming Reading Homework (Write in Planner): ◦ Reading due next time