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Tissues, Organs, & Systems Please follow along in your Resource Books! Definitions: • TISSUE: groups of cells of a similar structure which perform specialized functions (examples: muscle tissue, connective tissue, bone tissue) • ORGANS: groups of similar tissues organized into recognizable units (examples: heart, kidney, liver) • SYSTEMS: a collection of tissues & organs that work together to perform a specific & uniformed function (examples: digestive system, nervous system, circulatory system) EPITHELIUM – THE COVERING TISSUE • cells may be thin & flat, tall & columnar, or any shape in between • may be a single layer or up to several layers of cells • functions of a covering & lining tissue Function of Epithelium • covers the exposed surfaces of the body – the skin, the eyes, the lips • lines the cavities, tracts, vessels, & ducts in the interior of the body (lines the digestive tract, the blood vessels, the abdominal & chest cavities, the ducts of glands, as well as making up the secretory cells of glands) CONNECTIVE & SUPPORTING TISSUE • These tissues are characterized by the large amount of extracellular, or nonliving, materials they contain. – Connective tissue – Bones & cartilage tissue – Fat tissue Connective Tissue • composed mainly of the protein collagen – Overlapping tissues form a fabric-like consistency that is very tough and durable – Elastic fibers within tissue make it very flexible and elastic – Binds cells to cells, cells to tissues, tissues to organs, and just about everything else! Bone & Cartilage Tissue • Living tissue composed of calcium and phosphorus compounds • Rigid, strong, and tough FAT TISSUE • Composed of specialized cells that each take up & store fat as a single globule within the interior of each cell – Found under skin; much of it is found in & about internal organs Muscle – The Contracting Tissue • • • Striated muscle – Moves the body parts – Composed of bundles of long, thin, cylindrical fibers arranged parallel to one another – A.K.A skeletal muscle Smooth muscle – Found in the internal organs & blood vessels – Unstriated muscle – Long, spindle-shaped cells Cardiac muscle – Found only in the heart – Cell size and shape is intermediate between striated and smooth The Conducting Tissue • Nerve cells (neurons) – Three parts of nerve cells are cell body, dendrites, and axons