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Classification Grouping & Identifying Living Things This Powerpoint is hosted on www.worldofteaching.com Please visit for 100’s more free powerpoints Taxonomy • The study of how living things are classified • Classification is the sorting of organisms based on similar characteristics • Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy Levels of Classification • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • • • • • • • • Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti • Most General • Most Specific Genus and Species • The last two levels make up an organisms scientific name – This is called Binomial Nomenclature • Bi—two • Nomial—Name Felis Concolor Penicillium chrysogenum Acer grandidentatum Classifying Living Things • We put livings things into three Domains Eukaryota Bacteria Archaea • Which are divided into 6 Kingdoms Plant Animal Fungi Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria • We are in the Domain Eukaryota and the Kingdom Animalia Prokaryotes no nucleus Do have a nucleus Animal Kingdom • All animals are multi-cellular! • All animal cells are eukaryotic! – What does this mean? • Their cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. • Animal cells are only surrounded by cell membranes…no cell wall! • Animals are heterotrophs • Most animals can move Animal Kingdom • All animals have specialized parts that do specific jobs. – Animals have different types of cells (ex. Heart cell vs. brain cell) – Animals have different kinds of tissues for their various organs. – The different organs in an animal perform different jobs for the whole body. Animal Kingdom • So…what makes an animal an animal? – Multicellular – Heterotrophs – Eukaryotes Symmetry • Bilateral—Can be divided into two mirrorimages halves • Radial—many lines of symmetry through a central location Animals • Animals are spilt into two major groups: – Vertebrates • Phylum Chordata – Invertebrates • Most animals are invertebrates • 29 different Phyla Vertebrates • These are animals with a backbone. • There are five groups of vertebrates: – Amphibians – Birds – Fish – Mammals – Reptiles Endo or Ecto? • Endothermic means their body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes. (Warm Blooded) – Mammals and Birds • Ectothermic means their body temperature changes with the environment. (cold blooded) – Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles • • • • Fish Have wet scales Lays eggs in water Lives in water Uses gills for breathing • Ectothermic Amphibians • Have moist skin • Obtains oxygen through lungs and skin • Lay jelly coated eggs in water • Lives on land and water • Ectothermic Reptiles • Have dry scales • Lay waterproof eggs on land • Skin is adapted to keep water in the body • Breaths through lungs • Ectothermic Birds • Have feathers, scales on feet and legs and hollow bones • Have a gizzard that holds small stones to help grind food • Have a four chambered heart • Lay hard shelled eggs • Endothermic Mammals • Have hair or fur and produce milk • Specialized teeth • Give birth to live offspring (no eggs) • Have a four chambered heart • Endothermic Summary of Vertebrates Invertebrates • These are animals without a backbone • There are eight groups of invertebrates – – – – – – – – Mollusks Flatworms Segmented Worms Roundworms Sponges Echinoderms Cnidarians Arthropods Sponges • Filter feed • Simplest Animals Worms • Bilateral symmetry • Have head and tail ends • Simplest organism with a brain Flatworms • Have flat worm like bodies • Tapeworms and planarians Annelids—Segmented Worms • Have bodies made up of many linked sections • Earthworms Roundworms • Digestive system is like a tube open at both ends • Have bodies with no segments Arthropods • Have – segmented bodies – Jointed appendages – External skeleton • There are four group of arthropods: – Arachnids – Centipedes & Millipedes – Crustaceans – Insects Arthropods - Arachnid • Have four pairs of legs. • Have bodies divided into two sections Arthropods – Centipedes & Millipedes • Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections Arthropods - Crustacean • Have five-seven pairs of legs • First pair often used as pincers • Bodies covered in shell Arthropods - Insects • Have three pairs of legs • Bodies divided into three sections • Often have wings Mollusks • Soft bodies, some have a hard outer shell, foot for moving • Three Groups – Gastropod-most diverse – Bivalve – Cephalopod Cnidarians • Have stinging tentacles • Radial Symmetry • Two body forms – Medusa-the form during the movement stage of life – Polyp- sessile (doesn’t move) Madusa • Shaped like a bowl Polyp • Shaped like a vase Echinoderms • Have radial symmetry • Have spiny outer covering • Have a water vascular system