“Psychoactive substances present in Salvia divinorum acquired in
... Nowadays, Salvia divinorum is considered one of the most popular recreational drugs among adolescents, being legally commercialized in many countries in “smart shops” and internet websites. In the present research, the hallucinogenic compound of the drug, salvinorin A, was identified and quantified, ...
... Nowadays, Salvia divinorum is considered one of the most popular recreational drugs among adolescents, being legally commercialized in many countries in “smart shops” and internet websites. In the present research, the hallucinogenic compound of the drug, salvinorin A, was identified and quantified, ...
- University of Glasgow
... regarded as being post-respiratory maturation, was also assessed. Neonatal mice were exposed to fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg daily) from P1-P5 and juvenile mice were exposed from P9-P13. When mice reached adulthood, baseline respiratory activity and the respiratory response to a subsequent fentanyl challeng ...
... regarded as being post-respiratory maturation, was also assessed. Neonatal mice were exposed to fentanyl (0.04 mg/kg daily) from P1-P5 and juvenile mice were exposed from P9-P13. When mice reached adulthood, baseline respiratory activity and the respiratory response to a subsequent fentanyl challeng ...
Kratom - NeuroSoup
... Bioassays indicated that mitragynine was a much weaker anti-‐nociceptive than kratom extracts. Starting with crude extracts of kratom and moving then to five isolated alkaloids, it was found ...
... Bioassays indicated that mitragynine was a much weaker anti-‐nociceptive than kratom extracts. Starting with crude extracts of kratom and moving then to five isolated alkaloids, it was found ...
Medicinal Value of the Caterpillar Fungi Species
... excessive lead into the organism. As found in its natural state, Cordyceps is attached to the mummified body of the caterpillar from which it arose. It is harvested whole in this way, dried, and supplied into the market. Because Cordyceps is sold by weight, the collectors have historically inserted ...
... excessive lead into the organism. As found in its natural state, Cordyceps is attached to the mummified body of the caterpillar from which it arose. It is harvested whole in this way, dried, and supplied into the market. Because Cordyceps is sold by weight, the collectors have historically inserted ...
A Closer Look at the Risks vs. Benefits of Kava (Piper methysticum)
... complementary and herbal treatments for anxiety disorders. The complementary treatment was distinguished by using any self-help treatment not generally upheld in the health system. Each treatment was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing anxiety symptoms in generalized and specific anxiety dis ...
... complementary and herbal treatments for anxiety disorders. The complementary treatment was distinguished by using any self-help treatment not generally upheld in the health system. Each treatment was evaluated for its effectiveness in reducing anxiety symptoms in generalized and specific anxiety dis ...
psychoactive substances
... sellers, which are mainly pharmacists. Most recognized drugs of misuse are controlled in this way, but are also subject to further more stringent legal controls. Medical Preparations (Control of Amphetamines) Regulations 1970 The Medical Preparations (Control of Amphetamines) Regulations 1970 prohib ...
... sellers, which are mainly pharmacists. Most recognized drugs of misuse are controlled in this way, but are also subject to further more stringent legal controls. Medical Preparations (Control of Amphetamines) Regulations 1970 The Medical Preparations (Control of Amphetamines) Regulations 1970 prohib ...
Cordyceps - Aloha Medicinals
... hallucinogen, L.S.D., derived from the plant-parasitic ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), and the most highly prized and rare fungal delicacies (truffles and morels). To date, hundreds of species of Cordyceps have been identified on six continents, in a variety of habitats, and with equally varied foo ...
... hallucinogen, L.S.D., derived from the plant-parasitic ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), and the most highly prized and rare fungal delicacies (truffles and morels). To date, hundreds of species of Cordyceps have been identified on six continents, in a variety of habitats, and with equally varied foo ...
Assessment report on hamamelis virginiana l - EMA
... The flowers, bark and leaves of the common, colourful American witch hazel shrub provided tonics and remedies to Native Americans. Today, natural witch hazel is considered as one of of the few plant products that meet FDA standards for safety and effectiveness. The plants of the genus Hamamelis are ...
... The flowers, bark and leaves of the common, colourful American witch hazel shrub provided tonics and remedies to Native Americans. Today, natural witch hazel is considered as one of of the few plant products that meet FDA standards for safety and effectiveness. The plants of the genus Hamamelis are ...
Medicinal uses of licorice through the millennia
... powdered form as a filler for pills in the U.S.A. as well, both enhancing the consistency of the pill and coating the surface. Some commercial hand. body, and skin lotions contain licorice as an ingredient. Furthermore, it is also used in ointments as a remedy for various skin disorders since glucoc ...
... powdered form as a filler for pills in the U.S.A. as well, both enhancing the consistency of the pill and coating the surface. Some commercial hand. body, and skin lotions contain licorice as an ingredient. Furthermore, it is also used in ointments as a remedy for various skin disorders since glucoc ...
PHENOLPHTHALEIN 1. Exposure Data
... life was assessed by interview. The relative risk associated with use of commercially produced laxatives was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–1.4). Eighty-seven case subjects (13%) and 70 controls (9.7%) reported having used phenolphthaleincontaining laxatives (relative risk, 1.4 [95% CI, 0.9 ...
... life was assessed by interview. The relative risk associated with use of commercially produced laxatives was 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.86–1.4). Eighty-seven case subjects (13%) and 70 controls (9.7%) reported having used phenolphthaleincontaining laxatives (relative risk, 1.4 [95% CI, 0.9 ...
ANALGESIC AND ANTI-PYRETIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC AND AQUEOUS EXTRACTS OF
... activities of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ficus benghalensis in the models used. Since antipyretic and analgesic activities are commonly mentioned as characteristic of drugs or compounds which have an inhibitory effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis [14], the yeast induced hyperthermia in r ...
... activities of the ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Ficus benghalensis in the models used. Since antipyretic and analgesic activities are commonly mentioned as characteristic of drugs or compounds which have an inhibitory effect on prostaglandin biosynthesis [14], the yeast induced hyperthermia in r ...
Aqueous fraction of Opuntia elatior
... the treatment of illness. A pharmaceutical drug is a drug that is produced in a laboratory to cure or help an illness. Typically pharmaceutical drugs are modeled after compounds found in medicinal plants (Study.com, 2015). WHO (World Health Organization) defines ―A medicinal plant is any plant which ...
... the treatment of illness. A pharmaceutical drug is a drug that is produced in a laboratory to cure or help an illness. Typically pharmaceutical drugs are modeled after compounds found in medicinal plants (Study.com, 2015). WHO (World Health Organization) defines ―A medicinal plant is any plant which ...
guideline on specificatons: test procedures and acceptance
... It establishes the set of criteria to which a herbal substance/preparation or herbal medicinal product should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. "Conformance to specifications" means that the herbal substances/preparation or herbal medicinal product, when tested according to t ...
... It establishes the set of criteria to which a herbal substance/preparation or herbal medicinal product should conform to be considered acceptable for its intended use. "Conformance to specifications" means that the herbal substances/preparation or herbal medicinal product, when tested according to t ...
Lower Pediatric Oral Bioavailability of Voriconazole is Not Due to
... Various factors3,4 such as age-related changes in ...
... Various factors3,4 such as age-related changes in ...
product monograph
... (CNS) depressant effects. Depending on the route of administration and dose used, midazolam can produce sedative-hypnotic effects or induce anesthesia. The administration of midazolam may often be followed by anterograde amnesia. Onset of sedative effects after intramuscular administration is about ...
... (CNS) depressant effects. Depending on the route of administration and dose used, midazolam can produce sedative-hypnotic effects or induce anesthesia. The administration of midazolam may often be followed by anterograde amnesia. Onset of sedative effects after intramuscular administration is about ...
Salvia Divinorum
... ----------------------------------------------------------------The long-term effects of Salvia Divinorum abuse are unknown, as medical studies undertaken to examine the drug's physiological effects have focused only on short-term effects. However, information provided by abusers indicates that the ...
... ----------------------------------------------------------------The long-term effects of Salvia Divinorum abuse are unknown, as medical studies undertaken to examine the drug's physiological effects have focused only on short-term effects. However, information provided by abusers indicates that the ...
Salvia divinorum and Salvinorin A: An Update on Pharmacology and
... 1,2-secotriester. Both the enedione and 1,2-secotriester were inactive on the s and m receptors. In contrast to the enedione, the 1,2-secotriester had a weak affinity for the KOR. The study suggested that the 2-alkoxy function in salvinorin A seems not to be essential for the binding of salvinorin A ...
... 1,2-secotriester. Both the enedione and 1,2-secotriester were inactive on the s and m receptors. In contrast to the enedione, the 1,2-secotriester had a weak affinity for the KOR. The study suggested that the 2-alkoxy function in salvinorin A seems not to be essential for the binding of salvinorin A ...
Role of plant stanol ester - UEF Electronic Publications
... The effects of plant stanol esters or sterol esters on serum lipids and lipoprotein lipids, serum fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, serum cholesterol precursors as well as serum plant sterols and stanols were examined in mildly or moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women. Study I/II utilized ...
... The effects of plant stanol esters or sterol esters on serum lipids and lipoprotein lipids, serum fatsoluble vitamins and carotenoids, serum cholesterol precursors as well as serum plant sterols and stanols were examined in mildly or moderately hypercholesterolemic men and women. Study I/II utilized ...
Aloe vera: Plant of Immortality - International Journal of Pharma
... to ulcer-inducing stress, the number of ulcers decreased by 80 percent. After developing ulcers, the animals given aloe gel recovered three times faster than the control animals. Another animal study demonstrated similar results. The triterpenoids contained in aloe were found to protect against the ...
... to ulcer-inducing stress, the number of ulcers decreased by 80 percent. After developing ulcers, the animals given aloe gel recovered three times faster than the control animals. Another animal study demonstrated similar results. The triterpenoids contained in aloe were found to protect against the ...
Doxylamine Succinate - IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of
... No satisfactory studies on doxylamine alone were available to the Working Group. Studies of Bendectin® in rats and non-human primates were available. Groups of 37–41 pregnant CD Sprague–Dawley rats were given 0, 200, 500 or 800 mg/kg bw Bendectin® by gavage daily on days 6–15 of gestation (day 0 bei ...
... No satisfactory studies on doxylamine alone were available to the Working Group. Studies of Bendectin® in rats and non-human primates were available. Groups of 37–41 pregnant CD Sprague–Dawley rats were given 0, 200, 500 or 800 mg/kg bw Bendectin® by gavage daily on days 6–15 of gestation (day 0 bei ...
United States Anti-Doping Agency - United States Apnea Association
... safe and beneficial may be far from the truth. For example, cashew nuts may be considered all natural; however, the tree (Anacardium occidentale) producing the cashew nut belongs to the same plant family as poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac and coats the nut with a toxic oily substance. The to ...
... safe and beneficial may be far from the truth. For example, cashew nuts may be considered all natural; however, the tree (Anacardium occidentale) producing the cashew nut belongs to the same plant family as poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac and coats the nut with a toxic oily substance. The to ...
... safe and beneficial may be far from the truth. For example, cashew nuts may be considered all natural; however, the tree (Anacardium occidentale) producing the cashew nut belongs to the same plant family as poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac and coats the nut with a toxic oily substance. The to ...
Ethanol Reversal of Tolerance to the Respiratory Depressant Effects
... Opioids are the most common drugs associated with unintentional drug overdose. Death results from respiratory depression. Prolonged use of opioids results in the development of tolerance but the degree of tolerance is thought to vary between different effects of the drugs. Many opioid addicts regula ...
... Opioids are the most common drugs associated with unintentional drug overdose. Death results from respiratory depression. Prolonged use of opioids results in the development of tolerance but the degree of tolerance is thought to vary between different effects of the drugs. Many opioid addicts regula ...
for Herbal Medicines
... • Overdosage: As we all know, "natural" is not synonymous with "benign," and an overdose of many "healing" herbs can have serious—even fatal—consequences. Whenever adverse effects of overdose have been found in the literature, they are reported here, along with the appropriate medical interventions ...
... • Overdosage: As we all know, "natural" is not synonymous with "benign," and an overdose of many "healing" herbs can have serious—even fatal—consequences. Whenever adverse effects of overdose have been found in the literature, they are reported here, along with the appropriate medical interventions ...
Zoopharmacognosy
Zoopharmacognosy is a behaviour in which non-human animals apparently self-medicate by selecting and ingesting or topically applying plants, soils, insects, and psychoactive drugs to treat or prevent disease.The term derives from roots zoo (""animal""), pharma (""drug""), and gnosy (""knowing"") and was proposed in 1993. The term gained popularity from academic works and in a book by Cindy Engel called Wild Health: How Animals Keep Themselves Well and What We Can Learn from Them.A well-known example of zoopharmacognosy occurs when dogs eat grass to induce vomiting. However, the behaviour is more diverse than this. Animals ingest non-foods such as clay, charcoal and even toxic plants, apparently to prevent parasitic infestation or poisoning. Self-medication in wild animals remains a controversial subject because evidence is mostly circumstantial or anecdotal, however, there are many purported examples. The methods by which animals self-medicate vary, but can be classified according to function as prophylactic (preventative, before infection or poisoning) or therapeutic (after infection, to combat the pathogen or poisoning).