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Classification Grouping & Identifying Living Things Taxonomy • The study of how living things are classified • Classification is the sorting of organisms based on similar characteristics • Carolus Linnaeus is known as the Father of Taxonomy Levels of Classification • • • • • • • • Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species • • • • • • • • Dear King Phillip Came Over For Good Spaghetti • Most General • Most Specific Genus and Species • The last two levels make up an organisms scientific name – This is called Binomial Nomenclature • Bi—two • Nomial—Name Felis Concolor Penicillium chrysogenum Acer grandidentatum Test your Knowledge • http://www.lexington.k12.il.us/teachers/me nata/7%20science/Classification/levelsord er.htm Classification Level Aardwolf Gray Wolf Coyote Lion Blue Whale Kingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata Class Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Mammalia Order Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Carnivora Cetacea Family Hyaenidae Canidae Canidae Felidae Balenopteridae Genus Proteles Canis Canis Panthera Balaenoptera Species Proteles cristatus Canis latrans Panthera leo Balaenoptera musculus Canis lupus Classifying Living Things • We put livings things into three Domains Eukarya Bacteria Archaea • Which are divided into 6 Kingdoms Plant Animal Fungi Protist Eubacteria Archaebacteria • We are in the Domain Eukarya and the Kingdom Animalia Prokaryotes no nucleus Do have a nucleus Animal Kingdom • All animals are multi-cellular! • All animal cells are eukaryotic! – What does this mean? • Their cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. • Animal cells are only surrounded by cell membranes…no cell wall! • Animals are heterotrophs • Most reproduce sexually through the joining of an egg and sperm cell • Most animals can move Animal Kingdom • All animals have specialized parts that do specific jobs. – Animals have different types of cells (ex. Heart cell vs. brain cell) – Animals have different kinds of tissues for their various organs. – The different organs in an animal perform different jobs for the whole body. Animal Kingdom • So…what makes an animal an animal? – Multicellular – Eukaryotes – Usually reproduce sexually – Have many specialized parts – Are able to move – Heterotrophs Symmetry • Bilateral—Can be divided into two mirrorimages halves • Radial—many lines of symmetry through a central location Animals • Animals are spilt into two major groups: – Vertebrates • Phylum Chordata – Invertebrates • Most animals are invertebrates • 29 different Phyla Vertebrates • These are animals with a backbone. • There are five groups of vertebrates: – Amphibians – Birds – Fish – Mammals – Reptiles Endo or Ecto? • Endothermic means their body temperature does not change much, even when the temperature of the environment changes. (Warm Blooded) – Mammals and Birds • Ectothermic means their body temperature changes with the environment. (cold blooded) – Fish, Amphibians, and Reptiles Mammals • Have hair or fur and produce milk • Specialized teeth • Give birth to live offspring (no eggs) • Have a four chambered heart • Endothermic Birds • Have feathers, scales on feet and legs and hollow bones • Have a gizzard that holds small stones to help grind food • Have a four chambered heart • Lay hard shelled eggs • Endothermic • • • • Fish Have wet scales Lays eggs in water Lives in water Uses gills for breathing • Ectothermic Amphibians • Have moist skin • Obtains oxygen through lungs and skin • Lay jelly coated eggs in water • Lives on land and water • Ectothermic Reptiles • Have dry scales • Lay waterproof eggs on land • Skin is adapted to keep water in the body • Breaths through lungs • Ectothermic Summary of Vertebrates Invertebrates • These are animals without a backbone • There are eight groups of invertebrates – – – – – – – – Mollusks Flatworms Segmented Worms Roundworms Sponges Echinoderms Cnidarians Arthropods Sponges • Filter feed • Simplest Animals • Reproduce sexually and asexually Worms • • • • Bilateral symmetry Have head and tail ends Simplest organism with a brain Flat worms, round worms, and segmented worms Flatworms • Have flat worm like bodies • Tapeworms and planarians Annelids—Segmented Worms • Have bodies made up of many linked sections • Earthworms Roundworms • Digestive system is like a tube open at both ends • Have bodies with no segments Arthropods • Have – segmented bodies – Jointed appendages – External skeleton • There are four group of arthropods: – Arachnids – Crustaceans – Insects – Centipedes & Millipedes Arthropods - Arachnid • Have four pairs of legs. • Have bodies divided into two sections Arthropods – Centipedes & Millipedes • Have long thin bodies and pairs of legs on each of their many body sections Arthropods - Crustacean • Have five-seven pairs of legs • First pair often used as pinchers • Bodies covered in shell Arthropods - Insects • Have three pairs of legs • Bodies divided into three sections • Often have wings Mollusks • Soft bodies, some have a hard outer shell, foot for moving • Three Groups – Gastropod-most diverse – Bivalve – Cephalopod Cnidarians • Have stinging tentacles • Radial Symmetry • Two body forms – Medusa-the form during the movement stage of life – Polyp- sessile (doesn’t move) Medusa • Shaped like a bowl Polyp • Shaped like a vase Echinoderms • Have radial symmetry • Have spiny outer covering • Have a water vascular system
