Download Zoology 2011

Dr. Strong
OMHS
1st
Zoology:
9 weeks Benchmark Exam Study Guide
Benchmark exams are required of all core academic courses. The score on your benchmark test counts
10% of your overall grade each quarter. The results of these tests therefore affect your semester average
and your overall GPA!!!
Section 1 - What is Zoology?

Know the definition of zoology, anatomy, cytology, ecology, embryology, genetics, histology, molecular
biology, parasitology, physiology, and systematic (pg. 3)

Describe the differences between the following terms: organism, population, species, community,
ecosystem, and biosphere.

Know the types of animals found in the following phyla: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes,
Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, Chordata
Section 2 – Organization of animal organisms
● Know these cell organelles – cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria
● Know the structural hierarchy in a multicellular organism – from atoms to organism (diagram pg. 10)
● List the 11 body systems that function in higher order animals.
● Know the following vocabulary terms and know how to apply them to an example or a diagram of an animal
organism - dorsal, ventral, anterior, endoskeleton, exoskeleton, posterior, bilateral symmetry, radial symmetry,
asymmetry, prokaryote, eukaryote, phylogeny
Section 3 – Scientific Method
● Be able to distinguish between the terms accuracy, precision, fact, myth, hypothesis, theory, and scientific law.
Know examples of each.
● Know the ordered steps of the scientific method.
● Know the definition of different experimental design factors such as qualitative obs., quantitative obs.,
independent variable, dependent variable, control variable, trials, and control group. Be able to identify
these factors in an example experiment.
● Be familiar with basic rules for laboratory safety and procedures.
Section 4 – Evolution
1.) Describe the following terms: Organic evolution, Natural Selection, Artificial Selection,
Adaptation, Phylogeny, Common Descent.
2.) Know the contributions of Charles Darwin. Describe the experiences that helped him develop
his ideas on evolution.
6.) Explain and give examples of the following types of scientific evidence that support the Theory
of Evolution –
a) fossils –
b) vestigial structures –
c) homologous structures –
d) molecular biology –
9.) Know the five major geological eras are listed oldest to youngest. Briefly describe the life forms
found in each.
a) Archean –
b) Proterozoic –
c) Paleozoic –
d) Mesozoic –
e) Cenozoic -
Dr. Strong
OMHS
Section 5 – Read the following situations below and identify the 5 points of Darwin’s natural selection:
There are 2 types of worms: worms that eat at night (nocturnal) and
worms that eat during the day (diurnal). The birds eat during the day
and seem to be eating ONLY the diurnal worms. The nocturnal worms
are in their burrows during this time. Each spring when the worms
reproduce, they have about 500 babies but only 100 of these 500 ever
become old enough to reproduce.
a. What worm has natural selection selected AGAINST? _________________ FOR? ________________
Darwin's 5 points: Identify these 5 points in the scenario above.
Population has variations. _________________________________________________________________
Some variations are favorable. _____________________________________________________________
More offspring are produced than survive._________________________________________________
Those that survive have favorable traits. ____________________________________________________
A population will change over time. ________________________________________________________
Section 6:
● Describe the 2-word system of taxonomy ( binomial nomenclature) that Linnaeus invented to identify species.
● Know the taxa in order from largest to smallest
Kingdom…..Group of related phyla
What is a dichotomous key and how is it
Phylum……. “
“ classes
used?
Class………. “
“ orders
Order……… ”
“ families
Family…….. “
“ genera
Genus……... “
“ species
Species…….the most specific organism identifier
Examples –
Kingdom –
Phylum –
Class –
Order –
Family –
Genus –
Species –
Bobcat
Animalia
chordata
mammalia
carnivora
felidae
Lynx
rufus
and a
Lynx :
Animalia
chordata
mammalia
carnivora
felidae
Lynx
canadensis
Describe the relationship of the bobcat
and lynx:
**Know the kingdoms. Use the table below to characterize the 6 kingdoms. List 5 examples from each kingdom.
KINGDOM
Animalia
Plantae
Fungi
Protista
Archeabacteria
Eubacteria
CHARACTERISTICS
EXAMPLES