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Whoa You're Breathing!
The Structure and Function of Lungs
A Presentation for Your Educational Benefit
by Blake Tashjian, Caroline Casey, and Matt Mahoney
The Respiratory System: The Diagram
The Passage of Air
Trachea
Structure:
• Tube of many cartilage rings.
Purpose:
• Maintains structure for
passing air so that it does not
collapse.
http://www.naturalhealthschool.com/img/trachea.gif
Cilia and Mucous Lining
These two structures help keep the lung system clean.
Cilia
Structure:
• Hair-like projections
Purpose:
• Moves mucus up towards
the pharynx
Mucous Lining
Purpose:
• Traps contaminants such
as dust or pollen
http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/cilia5.jpg
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/encommons/thumb/6/69/250px-
Bronchiolar_epithelium_3_-
www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19533.htm
The Passage of Air
The Bronchial Tree
Structure:
• Made of cartilage.
• Trachea divides into
two branches:
bronchi.
• Then divide into
"twigs": bronchioles.
• Then twigs open up to
alveoli at the ends.
Purpose:
• Spread air from trachea
over as much area as
possible.
www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/Figures/8.12.jpg
The End of the Line
Alveoli
Structure:
• Alveoli are small clustered
sacks at the end of the
bronchioles.
• They are one cell thick and
are covered in capillaries.
• Have a pulmonary surfactant
layer.
http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit11/U11L03.htm
The End of the Line
Alveoli
Purpose:
• Used for diffusion of oxygen and
carbon dioxide in between the
blood and the lungs.
• The spherical clusters increase
surface area for diffusion.
• Thin walls allow passive
transport a quick process.
• Lots of Capillaries increase
contact with blood.
• Pulmonary surfactant prevents
collapse during exhalation.
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology
espiratorySystem/HumanRespiratory/humrespsys3.gif
Red Blood Cells
Hemoglobin- a protein molecule in red
blood cells that moves oxygen from lungs to
body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide
from tissues to lungs
Absorbs Oxygen
- O2 diffuses from alveoli into the capillaries and into
the red blood cells
-O2 enters the blood through inhaling
Releases Carbon Dioxide
-CO2 diffuses from red blood cells through the
capillary walls into alveoli.
-CO2 is released by exhaling
http://www.bloodless.it/hemoglobin.jpg
http://science.uwe.ac.uk/research/uploads/CRIB_blood_cells.jpg
Sources
"Alveoli." Coolschool. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit11/U11L03.htm>.
"Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System Tutorial." The Virtual Autopsy. 28
Oct 2008
<http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/va/anatomy/case2/frmst2.html>.
Campbell, Neil A. Biology. Third ed. University of California, Riverside, California: Benjamin Company, Inc.,
1993.
"Gas Exchange In Humans". Biology 2210. 28 Oct 2008
<http://www.cdli.ca/~dpower/resp/exchange.htm#Transport>.
"Hemoglobin." MedicineNet. 2008. MedicineNet, Inc.. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.medicinenet.com/>.
"How the Lungs Work". National Heart Blood and Lung Institute. 28 Oct 2008
<http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_all.html>.
"How Your Lungs Work". How Stuff Works. 28 Oct 2008 <http://health.howstuffworks.com/lung2.htm>.
Sources Cont.
"Lung Lobes and the Bronchial Tree". Nanomedicine. 28 Oct 2008
<http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/Figures/8.12.jpg>.
"Lung Structure and Function". Oncology Research Therapudics, Inc.. 28 Oct 2008
<http://www.ort-inc.com/lung_02.html>.
Medlock, Amy. "Hemoglobin." 2007. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.bloodless.it/hemoglobin.jpg>.
"Production of Universal Blood Cells." Blog About Science. 2007. WordPress. 28 Oct 2008
<http://science.uwe.ac.uk/research/uploads/CRIB_blood_cells.jpg>.
Starr, Cecil, and Ralph Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2001.
"Your Lungs: Human Respiratory System." Lungusa. The American Lung Association. 28 Oct
<http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&B=22576>.
2008