Download Ch. 16 Notes

Respiratory System
functions
 obtains Oxygen
and removes
Carbon Dioxide
 traps air particles
 controls air temp
and water content
 produces vocal
sounds
Respiration involves
 ventilation-air
into and out of
lungs
 gas transport
and exchange
between blood
cells and air in
lungs
Upper respiratory
Nose- hairs filter
particles
Nasal cavity-hollow
space behind nose,
septum divides,
mucous membrane,
blood vessels warm
and moisten air, traps
dust and particles
Paranasal sinusesair filled spaces, lined
with mucous
membranes, reduce
weight of skull, affect
quality of voice
Pharynx/throatpassageway for food
and air
Lower respiratory
Larynx-top of
trachea, below
pharynx, muscles and
cartilages (Adam’s
apple)
Vocal cords-air
forced between layers
of muscle and elastic
fibers causes cord
vibration/ sound
waves
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Glottis-opening
between vocal cords
closes to prevent food
and liquid from
entering trachea
Epiglottis-flaplike,
closes when
swallowing
Trachea/Windpipelined with ciliated
mucous membrane,
splits into bronchi—
walls consist of C
shaped cartilage,
prevent collapse and
airway blockage
Bronchial tree-left
and right bronchus,
bronchioles (no
cartilage), alveolar
ducts, alveolar sacs,
alveoli—microscopic
sacs within capillary
nets through which
gases can be
exchanged—300
million in adult lungs
Lungs-soft, spongy,
cone shaped
Visceral pleuramembrane attached to
lung, Parietal pleura-
lines inner wall of
thoracic cavity
Space between is
pleural cavity
Right lung larger, 3
lobes
Left lung, 2 lobes
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Breathing-depends on CO2 in
blood
Inspiration (inhale)
Impulses carried on
phrenic nerves stimulate
diaphragm to contract (goes
down), alveoli pressure falls.
Pressure pushes air in
Expiration (exhale)
Diaphragm relaxes (goes
up), elastic tissues recoil,
alveolar pressure increases,
air out
Lungs hold up to 6L of air
Breathing exchanges .5L air
1 L air remains in lungs
Alveolar gas exchange:
O2 diffuses across cell
membranes of alveoli to
blood
CO2 diffuses from capillaries
to alveoli, then is exhaled
Gas transport: 98 % of blood
O2 transported by
hemoglobin
Lab work
P. 328
P. 331 part A
P. 301 part B
P. 303