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Respiratory System Your Lungs Function of the respiratory system: To exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide 2 Definitions of Respiration 1. (Cellular Level) The release of energy from the breakdown of molecules in food in the presence of oxygen 2. Process by which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged between cells, blood, and air in the lungs Nose The route in which air enters the respiratory system Pharynx A passageway for both air and food Air moves from the pharynx into the trachea Larynx Voice box Contains highly elastic folds of tissue known as the vocal cords Trachea Windpipe Cartilage called the epiglottis covers the entrance to the trachea when you swallow Lined with cilia Bronchi 2 large passageways in the chest cavity Each leads to a lung Each divides into smaller bronchi until they reach tiny air sacs called the alveoli Alveoli Grape-like clusters Site where blood and air are side by side, site of gas exchange Delicate network of thin-walled capillaries surround the alveoli Lungs Human lungs are located in two cavities the two are not identical Both are separated into lobes with three lobes on the right and two on the left Gas Exchange in the Lungs Section 37-3 Alveoli Bronchiole Capillary Diaphragm Located at bottom of lung cavity Large flat muscle Creates partial vacuum in the chest cavity The Respiratory System Section 37-3 Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea Lung Epiglottis Bronchus Nose Bronchiole Alveoli Bronchioles Diaphragm Edge of pleural membrane Capillaries Figure 37-16 The Mechanics of Breathing Section 37-3 Air exhaled Air inhaled Rib cage descends Rib cage rises Diaphragm Diaphragm Inhalation Exhalation Emphysema Caused by cigarette smoking Loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs People with this disease have difficulty breathing Bronchitis Common in cigarette smokers and people who are around people who smoke Bacterial and viral Lung Cancer Uncontrolled mitosis Can be caused by cigarette smoking Cells of cancer can easily spread to other part of the body…… WHY? Flowchart Movement of Oxygen and Carbon Section 37-3 Dioxide In and Out of the Respiratory System Oxygen-rich air from environment Bronchi Trachea Nasal cavities Pharynx Trachea Bronchi Bronchioles Oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange at alveoli Alveoli Bronchioles Pharynx Nasal cavities Carbon dioxide-rich air to the environment You are NOT cool! Stop smoking!!!