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Whoa You're Breathing! The Structure and Function of Lungs A Presentation for Your Educational Benefit by Blake Tashjian, Caroline Casey, and Matt Mahoney The Respiratory System: The Diagram The Passage of Air Trachea Structure: • Tube of many cartilage rings. Purpose: • Maintains structure for passing air so that it does not collapse. http://www.naturalhealthschool.com/img/trachea.gif Cilia and Mucous Lining These two structures help keep the lung system clean. Cilia Structure: • Hair-like projections Purpose: • Moves mucus up towards the pharynx Mucous Lining Purpose: • Traps contaminants such as dust or pollen http://www.cytochemistry.net/Cell-biology/cilia5.jpg http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/encommons/thumb/6/69/250px- Bronchiolar_epithelium_3_- www.nlm.nih.gov/.../ency/imagepages/19533.htm The Passage of Air The Bronchial Tree Structure: • Made of cartilage. • Trachea divides into two branches: bronchi. • Then divide into "twigs": bronchioles. • Then twigs open up to alveoli at the ends. Purpose: • Spread air from trachea over as much area as possible. www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/Figures/8.12.jpg The End of the Line Alveoli Structure: • Alveoli are small clustered sacks at the end of the bronchioles. • They are one cell thick and are covered in capillaries. • Have a pulmonary surfactant layer. http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit11/U11L03.htm The End of the Line Alveoli Purpose: • Used for diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide in between the blood and the lungs. • The spherical clusters increase surface area for diffusion. • Thin walls allow passive transport a quick process. • Lots of Capillaries increase contact with blood. • Pulmonary surfactant prevents collapse during exhalation. http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/LifeScience/GeneralBiology/Physiology espiratorySystem/HumanRespiratory/humrespsys3.gif Red Blood Cells Hemoglobin- a protein molecule in red blood cells that moves oxygen from lungs to body's tissues and returns carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs Absorbs Oxygen - O2 diffuses from alveoli into the capillaries and into the red blood cells -O2 enters the blood through inhaling Releases Carbon Dioxide -CO2 diffuses from red blood cells through the capillary walls into alveoli. -CO2 is released by exhaling http://www.bloodless.it/hemoglobin.jpg http://science.uwe.ac.uk/research/uploads/CRIB_blood_cells.jpg Sources "Alveoli." Coolschool. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit11/U11L03.htm>. "Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System Tutorial." The Virtual Autopsy. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.le.ac.uk/pathology/teach/va/anatomy/case2/frmst2.html>. Campbell, Neil A. Biology. Third ed. University of California, Riverside, California: Benjamin Company, Inc., 1993. "Gas Exchange In Humans". Biology 2210. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.cdli.ca/~dpower/resp/exchange.htm#Transport>. "Hemoglobin." MedicineNet. 2008. MedicineNet, Inc.. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.medicinenet.com/>. "How the Lungs Work". National Heart Blood and Lung Institute. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hlw/hlw_all.html>. "How Your Lungs Work". How Stuff Works. 28 Oct 2008 <http://health.howstuffworks.com/lung2.htm>. Sources Cont. "Lung Lobes and the Bronchial Tree". Nanomedicine. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.nanomedicine.com/NMI/Figures/8.12.jpg>. "Lung Structure and Function". Oncology Research Therapudics, Inc.. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.ort-inc.com/lung_02.html>. Medlock, Amy. "Hemoglobin." 2007. 28 Oct 2008 <http://www.bloodless.it/hemoglobin.jpg>. "Production of Universal Blood Cells." Blog About Science. 2007. WordPress. 28 Oct 2008 <http://science.uwe.ac.uk/research/uploads/CRIB_blood_cells.jpg>. Starr, Cecil, and Ralph Taggart. Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life. Pacific Grove: Brooks/Cole, 2001. "Your Lungs: Human Respiratory System." Lungusa. The American Lung Association. 28 Oct <http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&B=22576>. 2008