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Transcript
31.4 Immunity and Technology KEY CONCEPT Living in a clean environment and building immunity help keep a person healthy. 31.4 Immunity and Technology Many methods are used to control pathogens. • Antibiotics and antiseptics cause pathogens to burst. 31.4 Immunity and Technology • Antiseptics kill pathogens outside of the body. – do not target specific pathogens – examples include vinegar and soap • Antibiotics kill pathogens inside the body. – target one specific bacterium or fungus – not effective against viruses 31.4 Immunity and Technology • Antibiotic resistance can cause medicines to become ineffective. – Some bacteria in a population have genes that make them immune to antibiotics. – These bacteria spread the gene, making the antibiotics useless. A bacterium carries genes for antibiotic resistance on a plasmid. A copy of the plasmid is transferred through conjugation. Resistance is quickly spread through many bacteria. 31.4 Immunity and Technology Vaccines artificially produce acquired immunity. • Vaccines also control pathogens and disease. – given to prevent illness – contain the antigen of a weakened pathogen 31.4 Immunity and Technology • Vaccination provides immunity. – B-cells memorize cell surface proteins of a pathogen Antigens in a vaccine trigger an immune response, and memory B cells are made. 1 memory B cells – Allows immune system to respond quickly to infection 2 – Has such a fast response, a person will not get sick 3 A memory B cell is stimulated when the real pathogen binds to it. The B cell quickly activates and makes antibodies that fight the pathogens before you get sick.
