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12.2 Notes – The Immune System • • Immune system – a combination of body defenses made up of cells, tissues, and organs that fight off pathogens 5 major protective barriers: 1. Tears – have chemicals that kill and/or wash away pathogens 2. Saliva – destroys harmful organisms in your mouth 3. Skin – protective barrier unless your blood is exposed by a cut 4. Stomach acid – destroys pathogens in the stomach 5. Mucous membranes – they trap pathogens 12.2 Notes – The Immune System • What does your body do when a pathogen enters the body? – – – – – – • Blood supply increases Circulation slows down Raises the blood pressure Fluid leaks from blood vessels Tissues swell Phagocytes attack the pathogens and “eat” them inflammation – body’s response to injury or disease, resulting in a condition of swelling, pain, heat, and redness 12.2 Notes – The Immune System • • • • interferon – a protein that defends the body by fighting the infection and stopping viruses lymphatic system –a secondary circulatory system that helps the body fight pathogens and maintain its fluid balance lymphocytes – special white blood cells in the lymph 3 types of lymphocytes: 1. B – in the bone marrow 2. T – in the thymus gland 3. NK (natural killer cell) – attacks cancerous growths 12.2 Notes – The Immune System • • • • antigens – sends the immune system into action antibodies – proteins that attach to antigens, keeping them from harming the body immunity – the body’s ability to resist the pathogens that cause a particular disease vaccine – (a shot) a preparation of dead or weakened pathogens that is injected into the body to cause the immune system to produce antibodies