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CP PSYCHOLOGY CHAPTER 2 Learning Theories Section 2Q1 Richard Martel, NHS Glencoe Publishers Learning Theory (2Q1) Learning relatively permanent change in an organism’s behavior due to experience Classical Conditioning (2Q1) Ivan Pavlov 1849-1936 Russian physician/ neurophysiologist Nobel Prize in 1904 studied digestive secretions Classical Conditioning “Pavlovia Conditioning” (2Q1) Classical Conditioning: when an old response (unlearned… like salivating to food, ) becomes attached to a new stimulus (like a noise/light etc.) organism learns to associate the two stimuli together “Neutral stimulus” does not initially elicit a response, it must be conditioned (learned) Pavlov repeatedly rang a tuning fork (once a neutral stimulus) as meat powder placed on dog’s tongue Dog salivated even if no food was given with sound Salivation to sound becomes conditioned (learned) Classical Conditioning (2Q1) Classical Conditioning (2Q1) Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS): event that leads to a predictable response without training Unconditioned Response (UCR): reaction that occurs automatically to Unconditioned Stimulus Conditioned Stimulus (CS): neutral event that with training leads to a learned response Conditioned Response (CR): this is a learned response to a stimulus UCS (passionate UCR kiss) (sexual arousal) CS (onion breath) UCS (passionate UCR Kiss) (sexual CS arousal) (onion breath) CR (sexual arousal) Classical Conditioning (2Q1) Generalization: responding to a stimulus similar to the original one without training Drops of saliva 60 in 30 seconds 50 40 Strongest responses come from areas stimulated nearest the thigh 30 20 10 0 Pelvis Shoulder Front Hind paw paw Thigh Trunk Foreleg Part of body stimulated Classical Conditioning (2Q1) Extinction: is when a conditioned response dies out if not regularly linked to the unconditioned stimulus Strength of CR Acquisition (CS+UCS) Extinction (CS alone) Spontaneous recovery of CR Extinction (CS alone) Pause Classical Conditioning (2Q1) “Little Albert” Classical Conditioning: J. B. Watson and Raynor