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Lesson 18.1: Rebuilding the Union Today we will: • describe why Reconstruction was needed, and . . . • detail the presidential plans for Reconstruction. Vocabulary • Reconstruction – process the federal government used to readmit the Confederate states to the Union • freedmen – former slaves who are now free • pardon – legal forgiveness for a crime Check for Understanding • What are we going to do today? • What was supposed to be ‘rebuilt’ during Reconstruction? • Who receives a pardon? • What is a freedman? What We Already Know At Lincoln’s urging, Congress had adopted the Thirteenth Amendment, banning slavery in every state. What We Already Know Lincoln’s Second Inaugural Address called for “malice toward none, with charity for all,” in hopes that Northerners would resist the desire to punish the South. What We Already Know Lincoln’s assassination ended all hope of an easy return of the seceded states to the Union. Reconstruction Begins • The issue in 1865 – building a new Southern society not based on slavery • The process of readmitting the Confederate states is known as Reconstruction. • Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877. Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan • Pardon for Confederate officials • Once 10% of a state’s voters in the 1860 election took a pledge of loyalty to the Union, that state could hold elections and send representatives to Congress. • To assist former slaves, the president established the Freedmen’s Bureau. The Freedmen’s Bureau Established • Set up schools and hospitals for African Americans • Distributed clothes, food, and fuel throughout the South Get your whiteboards and markers ready! 1. Why was Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan called the ‘ten-percent plan’? 1. Why was Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan called the ‘ten-percent plan’? A. It allowed a state to return to the Union if ten percent of its citizens took an oath of loyalty to the United States. B. Only ten percent of the population supported it. C. It required ten percent of Southern states to guarantee civil rights for blacks. D. It required the Confederacy to repay only ten percent of its debts to Northern citizens. 2. How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help former slaves? Choose all that are true! 2. How did the Freedmen’s Bureau help former slaves? A. It arranged for each Negro family to be given a mule and 40 acres of land. B. It set up schools and hospitals for former slaves. C. It gave clothes, food, and fuel to former slaves. D. It protected former from scalawags and carpetbaggers. E. It helped blacks register to vote. Choose all that are true! Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln as president. • Andrew Johnson was a Tennessee Democrat who hated secession, a former slaveholder, and a stubborn, unyielding man. • Reconstruction was the job of the president, not Congress. Johnson’s Plan • Although he was not concerned about what happened to the freedmen, Johnson based his plan on Lincoln’s. • New state governments must ratify the Thirteenth Amendment and must recognize the supreme power of the federal government over the states. Johnson’s Plan • Johnson offered amnesty to most white Southerners if they pledged loyalty to the United States. • Large plantation owners, top military officers, and ex-Confederate leaders had to apply for amnesty to Johnson personally. Get your whiteboards and markers ready! Which of the following was NOT part of Johnson's Reconstruction plan? Which of the following was NOT part of Johnson's Reconstruction plan? A. Confederate states had to give up slavery. B. Plantation owners had to give part of their land to former slaves. C. Confederate states had to accept the supreme power of the federal government. D. Influential white Southerners had to pledge loyalty and personally ask Johnson for pardon. Rebuilding Brings Conflict New Southern state governments seemed very much like the old ones. Some states flatly refused to ratify the Thirteenth Amendment. Rebuilding Brings Conflict • The Southern states passed black codes, which limited the freedom of former slaves. • Examples: written proof of employment, no guns, no meeting in unsupervised groups • Such laws made many people in the North suspect that white Southerners were trying to bring back the “old South.” • Radical Republicans were angry and frustrated, and blamed Johnson’s lenient Reconstruction plan for this situation. Get your whiteboards and markers ready! 3. What group was angered and frustrated by President Johnson’s Reconstruction plan? A. B. C. D. The Ku Klux Klan The freedmen Radical Republicans. Southern upper classes 4. How did white Southerners plan to restore the old South? A. By getting a Southerner elected to the presidency as soon as possible B. By regaining control of Congress and overturning Lincoln's Reconstruction plan C. By creating laws to return former slaves to plantation labor D. By seceding again and starting a second Civil War