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{ Unit 2: Lecture #4 Effects of Reconstruction 1865-1877 Lecture Review Questions 1) 2) 3) 4) How did the key strengths and weaknesses of the North and South shape the war? What were the 4 main battles of the Civil War and why was each important? What impact did the Emancipation Proclamation have? What role did the North play in reuniting southern whites politically, economically, & socially? Lecture Review Questions 5. What effect did Lincoln’s assassination effect reconstruction plans? 6. What were the key differences between Lincoln and Johnson’s Reconstruction Plans? 7. List some examples of both positive and negative results of the war for African Americans. 8. What was the goal of Reconstruction and was it achieved why or why not? What happens after the War is over? General Lee Surrenders at Appomattox Court House April 11th 1865. Lincoln is assassinated April 14th 1865 Vice President Andrew Johnson becomes the 17th President of the USA What problems does the South face after the war is over? Damaged Infrastructure War left farms, factories, roads, & buildings damaged or destroyed. Death 1/5 southern adult white males 260,000 soldiers Countless civilians (women and children) Competition Black Southerners-homeless, jobless, hungry Plantation Owners-3 billion dollars in slave labor lost + captured and abandoned property. Poor White Southerners-No way to compete with freedmen, taxes too high. Did President Lincoln Free the slaves? He attempted to free slaves during the war, however the Emancipation Proclamation had no legal standing in the Confederate States of America. E.P. Promises that All slaves in areas of rebellion against the Govt. would be free. DID NOT BRING AN IMMEDIATE END TO SLAVERY! th Lincoln did institute the 13 Amendment which outlaws slavery in the USA. Why Was President Lincoln Assassinated? What Happened? Shot by John Wilkes Booth in the Ford Theater The Conspiracy was to kill all major union leaders in the hopes of reviving the Confederacy and restarting the war Lincoln’s death did not have this effect Lincoln v. Johnson Reconstruction Ten Percent Plan #1. Offered Pardon to any who would swear allegiance to the Union and accept policy on slavery #2. Denied Pardon to ALL Confederate Military & Govt. Officials, & to any who had African American War Prisoners #3. After 10% of the voters had sworn Allegiance to the Union, states could hold conventions and create new state constitutions (Not Required to guarantee black voting rights.) #4. After #3 states could hold elections and resume full participation in the Union #1. Pardoned All southerners who swore Allegiance. #2. It permitted each state to hold conventions w/o 10%. #3. States were required to VOID secession, abolish slavery, & repudiate the Confederate Debt. #4. States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union What happened to African Americans after the Civil War? Radical Republicans Demand reforms The Freedmen’s Bureau 40 Acres and a mule 14th Amendment & 15th Amendment define citizenship and who gets the right to vote Johnson’s lax reconstruction policy allows Ex-confederate officials to be elected to congress, which effect reform plans that would have helped freed blacks. Black Codes-Jim Crow Laws How did it all end? Reconstruction’s Goal was to restore the Union between N. & S. Politically, Economically, & Socially. It failed on almost all 3. Corruption & Poor Government changed little in the south Southern Economy was slow to recover After Federal Troops leave the south Infrastructure had to be rebuild Land had to be re-claimed and farmed Violence & intimidation of freed blacks starts as groups like the KKK form. The Southern Democrats return to power & share cropping and tenant farming replace slavery in all but name. Supreme Court Limits the Power of the Amendments 14 & 15 with the cases like Plessey v. Ferguson Which finds that segregating the races was legal as long as equal facilities were provided.