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Reconstruction (1865-1877) Unit 4: Civil War and Reconstruction What was Reconstruction? Period between 1865-1877 when former Confederate states were controlled by the federal government before being allowed to rejoin the Union Purpose: rebuild the South, put the nation back together End of the Civil War -South surrenders on April 9, 1865 -War left South devastated Southern Problems: ● Southern cities in ruin ● Loss of property, wealth ● Few opportunities for newly freed slaves Plans for Reconstruction President Lincoln’s Plan (The 10% Plan) ● Forgive all southerners who pledged loyalty to the Union (except high ranking Confederate leaders) ● Southern states could rejoin the Union when 10% of the state’s voters had taken loyalty oath ● Help former slaves (freedman) Congress’s Plan (Wade-Davis Bill) ● Mostly radical Republicans ( tougher requirements for South) ● Lincoln’s Plan = too easy on the South ● South’s responsibility to rebuild/pay for war ● Wade-Davis Bill: required majority of a Southern state’s white male citizens to pledge loyalty before rejoining the Union ● Lincoln used pocket veto Vice President Johnson’s Plan: -Similar to 10% Plan, but easier on the South (presidential pardons to former Confederate leaders) -No desire to help former slaves