Download reconstruction - LarsonAmericanHistory

Let’s get started…who said this?
• With Malice toward none, with charity for
all, with firmness in the right, as God gives
us to see the right, let us strive on to finish
the work we are in, to bind up the nation's
wounds…to do all which may achieve…a
just and lasting peace.
• Abraham Lincoln
Reconstruction and the new South
• Reconstruction - the process of rebuilding that followed the American
Civil War.
• Americans had to address a set of pressing questions over what to do
with the South after the defeat of the Confederacy and the overthrow
of slavery.
• Lincoln’s Plan –
• Proclamation of Amnesty – a pardon to all southerners except high
ranking officials—if they would swear loyalty to the U.S.
• Must accept federal laws ending slavery
• States rejoined the Union when 10% of those who voted in 1860
swore loyalty to the U.S.
• Congress objected to this plan, they felt it was lenient.
• We never found out how this would play out as Lincoln was
assassinated by John Wilkes Booth in April of 1865.
Today…
• You will be working in teams to come up
with a Reconstruction plan that you are
going to present to Congress.
• Each team will present their plan to the
class, detailing how you intend to “fix” this
issue presented to the United States
following the Civil War in 1865.
• Break into your teams and wait for further
directions…..
Your team reconstruction plan must
include…
• 1) What was the relationship between the former Confederate
states and the federal Union? What should be demanded of those
states before they were regarded as reconstructed?
• 2) Who was responsible for the Confederate rebellion? Who, if
anyone, should be punished for it?
• 3) What should be the position of the newly-freed slaves? What
responsibility did the government have to extend basic rights to
them? Which rights?
• 4) How should the Southern economy be converted from one based
on slave labor to one based on free labor?
• You will need to create your plan on the sheet of paper provided.
• Write the four provisions down on the paper provided.
• Write in clear statements: no partial sentences.
Following Lincoln
• VP Andrew Johnson assumed Lincoln’s position as President.
• Although he sided with the Union, many feared that he had many
loyalties with the defeated confederacy
• Johnson’s Plan
•
•
•
•
1. Southern states must nullify their acts of secession
2. Abolish slavery
3. States must refuse to repay confederate debts
* Former Confederate leaders liked this plan because it left
Confederate leaders in charge of Reconstruction.
• Confederate Congresses wrote into their new state constitutions
provisions that did not allow freedmen to vote.
• Many former Confederate leaders now assumed roles in leading
their respective states.
• 13th Amendment – passed in January of 1865, abolished
Slavery.
List five things you learned from this clip
President Johnson vs. Congress
• In early February 1866, Congress passed the Freedmen's
Bureau Bill. It called for the distribution of land to the freedmen,
provided schools for their children, and set up military courts
in Southern states to protect freedmen's rights.
•
.
Johnson vetoed the bill He would also veto the Civil Rights Bill
• Congress required each rebel state to hold a new constitutional
convention made up of both white and black delegates. New
constitutions had to include the right to vote for all black adult
males. Southern states also had to ratify the 14th Amendment
before they could apply for readmission to the Union.
• Johnson vetoed this and Congress over rid him again.
•
•
Tenure of Office Act. –prevented the president from firing senate
approved officials without their consent.
Johnson intentionally violated this and was impeached. He remained in
office by one vote.
What Reconstruction Became
•
•
•
•
•
•
With the Radicals in control, Congress passed the Reconstruction Acts on
July 19, 1867. The first Reconstruction Act placed ten Confederate states
under military control, grouping them into five military districts:[68]
First Military District: Virginia, under General John Schofield
Second Military District: The Carolinas, under General Daniel Sickles
Third Military District: Georgia, Alabama and Florida, under General John
Pope and George Meade
Fourth Military District: Arkansas and Mississippi, under General Edward
Ord
Fifth Military District: Texas and Louisiana, under Generals Philip Sheridan
and Winfield Scott Hancock
•
•
•
20,000 U.S troops were deployed to enforce the Act
Reconstruction would not end until 1877 with the disputed election results of
the Election of 1876 and Rutherford Hayes being accepted as President.
Compromise of 1877.
Southern Response
• Black Codes- laws that curtailed the rights of African Americans during
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
the early years of Reconstruction in the United States.
the codes defined the former slaves as legally subordinate to whites and
attempted to manage their labor in a way that would cause minimal
disruption to the labor system instituted under slavery.
-restricted movement
African Americans could not attend school
Defined who former slaves could marry
Defined where former slaves could live
Forced former slaves to have jobs of face jail or forced labor.
Forced blacks to sign work contracts with white employers.
Unemployed blacks could lose their children to “state programs.”
Skilled black laborers were forced to pay high licensing fees, so most were
resigned to wage earnings.
Black Codes and Jim Crow
• Race was defined by blood; the presence of any amount of black
blood made one black
• Employment was required of all freedmen; violators faced vagrancy
charges
• Freedmen could not assemble without the presence of a white
person
• Freedmen were assumed to be agricultural workers and their duties
and hours were tightly regulated
• Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write
• Public facilities were segregated
• Violators of these laws were subject to being whipped or branded.
• Jim Crow laws in various states required the segregation of races in
such common areas as restaurants and theaters. The "separate but
equal" standard established by the Supreme Court in Plessy v.
Ferguson (1896) lent high judicial support to segregation.
Complete this Chart
Lincoln’s plan for
Reconstruction
Congress’s
Plan
Johnson’s
Plan