Download Lesson 18.1

Lesson 18.1: Rebuilding
the Union
Today we will:
• describe why Reconstruction was needed,
and . . .
• detail the presidential plans for
Reconstruction.
Vocabulary
• Reconstruction – process the federal
government used to readmit the
Confederate states to the Union
• freedmen – former slaves who are now
free
• pardon – legal forgiveness for a crime
Check for Understanding
• What are we going to do today?
• What was supposed to be ‘rebuilt’
during Reconstruction?
• Who receives a pardon?
• What is a freedman?
What We Already Know
At Lincoln’s urging,
Congress had adopted
the Thirteenth
Amendment, banning
slavery in every state.
What We Already Know
Lincoln’s Second
Inaugural Address
called for “malice
toward none, with
charity for all,” in
hopes that
Northerners would
resist the desire to
punish the South.
What We Already Know
Lincoln’s assassination ended
all hope of an easy return of the
seceded states to the Union.
Reconstruction Begins
• The issue in 1865 – building a new
Southern society not based on slavery
• The process of readmitting the Confederate states is known as Reconstruction.
• Reconstruction lasted from 1865 to 1877.
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan
• Pardon for Confederate
officials
• Once 10% of a state’s
voters in the 1860
election took a pledge of
loyalty to the Union, that
state could hold
elections and send
representatives to
Congress.
• To assist former slaves,
the president established
the Freedmen’s Bureau.
The Freedmen’s Bureau Established
• Set up schools and hospitals
for African Americans
• Distributed clothes, food, and
fuel throughout the South
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
1. Why was Lincoln’s Reconstruction
plan called the ‘ten-percent plan’?
1. Why was Lincoln’s Reconstruction
plan called the ‘ten-percent plan’?
A. It allowed a state to return to the Union if
ten percent of its citizens took an oath of
loyalty to the United States.
B. Only ten percent of the population
supported it.
C. It required ten percent of Southern states to
guarantee civil rights for blacks.
D. It required the Confederacy to repay only
ten percent of its debts to Northern citizens.
2. How did the Freedmen’s
Bureau help former slaves?
Choose all that are true!
2. How did the Freedmen’s
Bureau help former slaves?
A. It arranged for each Negro family to
be given a mule and 40 acres of land.
B. It set up schools and hospitals for
former slaves.
C. It gave clothes, food, and fuel to
former slaves.
D. It protected former from scalawags
and carpetbaggers.
E. It helped blacks register to vote.
Choose all that are true!
Andrew Johnson succeeded
Lincoln as president.
• Andrew Johnson was a
Tennessee Democrat
who hated secession, a
former slaveholder, and
a stubborn, unyielding
man.
• Reconstruction was the
job of the president,
not Congress.
Johnson’s Plan
• Although he was not
concerned about what
happened to the
freedmen, Johnson
based his plan on
Lincoln’s.
• New state governments
must ratify the Thirteenth Amendment and
must recognize the
supreme power of the
federal government
over the states.
Johnson’s Plan
• Johnson offered amnesty to most white
Southerners if they pledged loyalty to
the United States.
• Large plantation owners, top military
officers, and ex-Confederate leaders
had to apply for amnesty to Johnson
personally.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
Which of the following was NOT part
of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
Which of the following was NOT part
of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
A. Confederate states had to give up
slavery.
B. Plantation owners had to give part of
their land to former slaves.
C. Confederate states had to accept the
supreme power of the federal
government.
D. Influential white Southerners had to
pledge loyalty and personally ask
Johnson for pardon.
Rebuilding Brings Conflict
New
Southern
state
governments
seemed very
much like
the old ones.
Some states
flatly refused
to ratify the
Thirteenth
Amendment.
Rebuilding Brings Conflict
• The Southern states passed black codes,
which limited the freedom of former slaves.
• Examples: written proof of employment, no
guns, no meeting in unsupervised groups
• Such laws made many people in the North
suspect that white Southerners were trying
to bring back the “old South.”
• Radical Republicans were angry and
frustrated, and blamed Johnson’s lenient
Reconstruction plan for this situation.
Get your whiteboards
and markers ready!
3. What group was angered and
frustrated by President Johnson’s
Reconstruction plan?
A.
B.
C.
D.
The Ku Klux Klan
The freedmen
Radical Republicans.
Southern upper classes
4. How did white Southerners
plan to restore the old South?
A. By getting a Southerner elected to
the presidency as soon as possible
B. By regaining control of Congress
and overturning Lincoln's
Reconstruction plan
C. By creating laws to return former
slaves to plantation labor
D. By seceding again and starting a
second Civil War