Download The Cell Theory and Types of Cells

The Cell Theory
Unit 3 – Lesson 2 Notes
Vocabulary

Cells
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The basic units of structure and function of living
things.
Organelles

The structures that make up a cell. Literally
means “many organs”.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJyUtbn0O5Y
Humans have
organs. Cells have
organelles! Cells
are a tiny life form.
History of Cells

Before microscopes, people didn’t know
about microscopic life. Their views were
extremely misinformed. An example: people
thought insects were born from meat!
HOW DID WE LEARN THAT CELLS EXIST?
 We have old dead scientists to thank!

Scientists – Robert Hooke

Looked at cork cells. Cells were dead.
The cells looked like “empty rooms”.
Hooke was
the first
scientist to
give “cells”
their name.
Scientists –
Anton van Leeuwenhoek

Examined blood,
rainwater, and
scrapings from his
teeth. He observed
living cells. He called
them “Animalcules”.
The smallest of these
are known today as
bacteria.
Scientists –
Matthias Schleiden

Viewed plant parts.
Scientists – Theodor Schwann

Viewed animal parts.
Scientists – Rudolph Virchow

Discovered that all
living things come only
from other living things.
The Cell Theory
1.
All living things are made of cells.
The Cell Theory
2.
Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
ORGAN
TISSUE
CELL
ORGANISM
ORGAN
SYSTEM
The Cell Theory
3.
All living cells come from other living cells.
What Does it Mean to Be
Living?

All living things :






have DNA
can grow and develop
reproduce
respond to stimuli
keep homeostasis (a balance)
obtain and use energy
Cells

All living things can be
classified into 6
categories:






Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Protists
Fungi
Plants
Animals
Cells

3 of these kingdoms live life as a single cell!
We say they are unicellular!



Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Protists
bacteria
protists
archaebacteria
Cells

3 of these kingdoms live life as a cluster of
cells. We say they are multicellular!



Fungi
Plant
Animal
fungi
animal
plant
Multicellular or Unicellular?
Multicellular Organisms

Multicellular organisms are ORGANIZED. The
cells don’t just float around at random, They work
together to make different structures.
cells make tissue…
CELL
TISSUE
ORGAN
ORGANISM
ORGAN SYSTEM
Comparing Cells
• There are many different types of cells, we
categorize them into two types.
• Prokaryotes
• Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes

Prokaryotes – lack membrane bound organelles.

Examples:


Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Uhh, what’s a
membrane?
BACTERIA
Eukaryotes
• Eukaryotes – cells that contain membrane
bound organelles.
• Examples:
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals
Protists

Paramecium –
single cell organism
- has cilia – short
hair-like projections

Amoeba – single cell
organism - moves with a
pseudopod (foot like
projection)
Club Fungi
Fungi

There are four types of fungi:


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sac fungi
zygote fungi
club fungi
imperfect fungi
Sac Fungi
Zygote Fungi
Imperfect Fungi
Eukaryotes

We will be discussing animal cells and plant
cells in later units. 
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
ANIMAL CELL
Different Cells Do Different
Jobs
Red Blood Cell
Nerve Cell
PLANT CELL
Different Cells Do Different
Jobs
Cells in Leaf
Guard Cell
Prokaryote
Archaebacteria
Bacteria
Protist
Fungi
Plant
Animal
Eukaryote
Unicellular
Multicellular