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Why Spend Time Annihilating Matter with Anti-matter? Rolf-Dieter Heuer leaves DESY (again) to go to CERN (again) matter anti-m Hamburg 5 December 2007 Albrecht Wagner, Hamburg RDH 1 A leptonic love affair - e+e- colliders • Born 1948 • The very early history (DESY-Heidelberg) 1974-1977 PhD HD • The early history (Jade) 1977-1983 Postdoc HD • The not so recent past (OPAL) 1984-1999 Staff CERN • Preparing the possible future (ILC) 1998-2008 Prof HH • Since Dec 2004 Director of Research for Particle and Astroparticle Physics 2 The Early Days of e+e- Physics Everything started with a discrepancy: 1973 Is this excess real, what is it? 3 The Past and Future Role of e+e- Colliders Rolf starts his thesis 4 The Power of e+ e- Colliders • well defined production process, simple kinematics e+ e- • precise knowledge of quantum numbers in initial state • energy and momentum of all partons known • energy of system can be varied • precise (<%) knowledge of the cross sections • low background • polarisation of e- and e+ beams possible 5 DESY/HD and Jade at DORIS/PETRA DORIS 1974 first events 3 < E < 10 GeV DESY-HD PETRA 1974 proposal 1978 first events 13 < E < 47 GeV 6 A Precise Measurement of the t-Mass W. Bartel, P. Dittmann, P. Duinker, J. Olsson, L. O'Neill, D. Pandoulas, P. Steffen, U. Fritscher, J. Heintze, G. Heinzelmann, R.D. Heuer, H. Rieseberg and A. Wagner DESY, Physikalisches Institut der Uni Heidelberg, mt = 1.787 + 0.010 – 0.018 GeV From a fit to the energy dependence of the cross section Today: mt = 1776.69 +- 0.18 +– 0.15 MeV Thesis of Rolf: (1977) Neutral decays of the Y’ (3.7) Resonance BR (Y’ -> neutral (not J/Y)) = (2.0 +- 0.8)10-3 7 Detector and Measurement 8 PETRA Construction Construction started in 1976 thanks to H. Schopper and G.A. Voss The project advanced very fast Construction completed in 1978, 6 months ahead of schedule First stored beam in July 1978 Competition with SLAC (PEP) Five experiments approved CELLO, JADE, Mark J, PLUTO, TASSO With PETRA DESY became international 9 The Detector Layout Essential features: - Large solid angle - Excellent tracking - Good energy measurement - Muon detection 10 The Proposed Physics Programme LoI for JADE: • Measurement of magnitude and energy dependence of hadronic cross section • Search for new quarks and leptons (mainly top) • Measurement of magnitude of electroweak interference • Study of hadronic final states, prove existence or nonexistence of jets • Is QED correct at high energies? • Study decays of heavy quarks • Study photon-photon interactions …but nothing about gluons 11 Discovery of Gluon Field theory predicted that the outgoing quarks radiate field quanta (gluons) The probability for radiation is ~ as(q2)/p, which at PETRA energy is ~ 10%. 12 Discovery of the Gluon PETRA as test bed of QCD: quarks radiate gluons -> 3 jet events planar events with 3-jet structure one sided jet broadening The quantum of the strong force was discovered and studied at a lepton collider 13 Lepton Photon Symposium 1979 Lepton-Photon Symposium, Fermilab 23– 29 August 1979 All 4 PETRA experiments presented their data. The conclusion of all four experiments (JADE, Mark J, PLUTO and TASSO) was very similar: To cite S. Orito (JADE, Tokyo): “Quantitative as well as qualitative properties of the planar 3jet events agree in detail with the predictions based on the gluon bremsstrahlung process and the suggested fragmentations. This strongly suggests hard gluon bremsstrahlung as origin of the planar 3-jet events.” 14 Most cited PETRA papers 1) W. Bartel et al., R.D. Heuer, EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON MULTI – JET PRODUCTION IN E+ E- ANNIHILATION AT PETRA ENERGIES. Z.Phys.C33:23,1986. (cit. 660 times in HEP (SPIRES-SLAC)) 2) R. Brandelik et al., EVIDENCE FOR PLANAR EVENTS IN E+E- ANNIHILATION AT HIGH-ENERGIES. Phys.Lett.B86:243,1979. (412) 3) S. Bethke et al., R.D. Heuer, EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE ENERGY DEPENDENCE OF THE STRONG COUPLING STRENGTH. Phys.Lett.B213:235,1988. (411) Discovery of the Gluon, the particle mediating the strong force 1995: EPS HEP Prizes for Gluon discovery 15 Muon Asymmetry Interference of electromagnetic and weak interaction leads to a forward-backward asymmetry 23 M 2 ( Z ) 71 10 ( 570 ) GeV 15 16 Search for the Top Quark Many theoretical predictions expected the topquark to lie ‚just around the corner‘ scan for narrow resonance R 3.88 0.22 as expected for udscb + QCD corr. 17 JADE 18 JADE 19 JADE 20 Then Rolf went to CERN … 21 … to join OPAL at LEP • Detector pictures 22 OPAL – Main Physics Aims (from LoI 1982) • Observation of Z0 (mass, BR, width …) • Measure number of generations • Test of SM – Precise study of electroweak interference – Weak decays of heavy quarks – Search for the Higgs • Search for new physics – New flavours – New heavy leptons – Supersymmetry – Technicolour • Study of QCD 23 The Team 24 Building the Jet-Chamber 25 LEP Events qqmm qqqq 26 Cross sections 27 Three Generations 28 Electroweak Precision Tests The SM is tested to unprecedented accuracy No deviations observed precision data tell us something about mass range not accessible today 29 Search for the Top Quark Indirect determination of the top mass possible due to • precision measurements • known higher order electroweak corrections Mt 2 Mh ( ) , ln( ) MW MW 30 Rolf’s Roles in OPAL • Building the Jet Chamber with the German universities (coordinator) • Run coordinator • Spokes Person • Motivating people … 31 The possible future 32 A memorable event 33 The TESLA Project Superconducting electron-positron linear collider with integrated X-ray laser http://tesla.desy.de 34 The Road Map of Particle Physics The Key Questions of Particle Physics • • • • What is matter ? What are the forces ? Can quantum physics and general relativity be united? What happened in the very early universe ? Where do the experimental answers lie? • At highest energies Large Hadron Collider construction finished at CERN • In precision measurements Electron-Positron Collider TESLA project -> ILC Physics and experience teach us that we need these different tools to answer these questions and that they complement each other 35 Extra Spatial Dimensions cross section for anomalous single photon production d = # of extra dimensions e+e- -> gG Energy •In how many dimensions do we live? Emission of gravitons into extra dimensions + emission of g (or one jet) measurement of cross sections at different energies allows to determine number and scale of extra dimensions 36 The Site Preparation Two independent radiological evaluations Preparation of environmental impact study Research Campus Ellerhoop Agreement between the states SchleswigHolstein and HH for joint legal procedure Regular information of all persons living along TESLA Preparation of “Planfeststellung” 37 TESLA … followed by the ILC • After the decision of the German Government to build the XFEL and PETRA and to support DESY in the further preparation of the ILC, Rolf was active in many ways in promoting the ILC: – Leading the parameter group of the ILCSC – Leading a very thriving group at the University of HH and DESY – Organising LCWS 2007 – Giving many talks – Helping build the bridge to CLIC – Etc., etc. – Driving a car with the number plate HH-LC ….. 38 Good by and good Luck – the end of a love affair? 39 Many Thanks, Rolf For your strong support of particle physics • In the world • In Europe • In Germany (Helmholtz-Allianz) • At DESY 40