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Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in Diamonds Physics and Magnetometry Outline Quantum systems, their hallmarks and technological applications. Why can’t Quantum mechanics be observed in solid states. The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds, a unique room-temperature quantum system Using the nitrogen-vacancy as a magnetic sensor for scientific and technological applications 2 Quantum systems Uncertainty Principle Superposition ℏ < Δ𝑋 >< Δ𝑝 > ≥ 2 High precision measurement Quantum computing 3 Quantum systems Degrees of freedom splits the energy levels 𝑚𝑠 = 1 2 𝑚𝑠 = − 1 2 1 21 𝑚𝐼 = − 12 𝑚𝐼 = 21 𝑚𝐼 = − 2 𝑚𝐼 = In solid state we almost always get Electronic band structure Very short coherence time due to interactions with phonons 4 The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond • • • • • Diamond is an FCC carbon crystal There is natural abundance of nitrogen in the crystal Vacancy is generated using high energy radiation. The crystal is annealed to trap the vacancies near the N atoms The resulting center has C3v symmetry and a spin-1 behavior 5 The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond Green light generates optical pumping to ms=0. MW repopulates 𝑚𝑠 = ±1 leading to a reduction in fluorescence. Magnetic field splits the spectrum Only the projection across the NV center is measured = orientation dependent 6 The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond 𝐵 ≈ 15 𝐺 Normalized fluorescence Normalized fluorescence 𝐵 ≈ 0.5 𝐺 Fluorescence [a. u] Fluorescence [a. u] 0.95 0.9 2.8 0.37 0.98 0.97 ms=-1 2.8 2.9 MW [GHz] R T 2* 0.99 ms=1 2.9 MW [GHz] = 2.15 MHz The angle with the magnetic field 109.5° =0.56 s 0.36 0.35 0 1 Time [s] 2 7 Summery Quantum systems, their hallmarks and technological applications. Why can’t Quantum mechanics be observed in solid states. The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds, a unique room-temperature quantum system Using the nitrogen-vacancy as a magnetic sensor for scientific and technological applications 8 Thank You http://www.bgu.ac.il/atomchip/ 1 𝑚𝑠 = 2 𝑚𝑠 = − 1 2 1 21 𝑚𝐼 = − 12 𝑚𝐼 = 2 1 𝑚𝐼 = − 2 𝑚𝐼 = 10 11 12