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Nitrogen-Vacancy Center in
Diamonds Physics and
Magnetometry
Outline
 Quantum systems, their hallmarks and
technological applications.
 Why can’t Quantum mechanics be observed in
solid states.
 The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds, a unique
room-temperature quantum system
 Using the nitrogen-vacancy as a magnetic sensor
for scientific and technological applications
2
Quantum systems
Uncertainty Principle
Superposition
ℏ
< Δ𝑋 >< Δ𝑝 > ≥
2
High precision measurement
Quantum computing
3
Quantum systems
Degrees of freedom splits the
energy levels
𝑚𝑠 =
1
2
𝑚𝑠 = −
1
2
1
21
𝑚𝐼 = −
12
𝑚𝐼 =
21
𝑚𝐼 = −
2
𝑚𝐼 =
In solid state we
almost always get
Electronic band
structure
Very short
coherence time due
to interactions with
phonons
4
The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond
•
•
•
•
•
Diamond is an FCC carbon crystal
There is natural abundance of nitrogen in the crystal
Vacancy is generated using high energy radiation.
The crystal is annealed to trap the vacancies near the N atoms
The resulting center has C3v symmetry and a spin-1 behavior
5
The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond
Green light generates optical pumping to ms=0.
MW repopulates 𝑚𝑠 = ±1 leading to a reduction in fluorescence.
Magnetic field splits the spectrum
Only the projection across the NV center is measured = orientation dependent
6
The Nitrogen-Vacancy center in diamond
𝐵 ≈ 15 𝐺
Normalized fluorescence
Normalized fluorescence
𝐵 ≈ 0.5 𝐺
Fluorescence
[a. u]
Fluorescence
[a. u]
0.95
0.9
2.8
0.37

0.98
0.97
ms=-1
2.8
2.9
MW [GHz]
R
T 2*
0.99
ms=1
2.9
MW [GHz]
= 2.15 MHz
The angle
with the
magnetic
field
109.5°
=0.56  s
0.36
0.35
0
1
Time [s]
2
7
Summery
 Quantum systems, their hallmarks and
technological applications.
 Why can’t Quantum mechanics be observed in
solid states.
 The nitrogen-vacancy center in diamonds, a unique
room-temperature quantum system
 Using the nitrogen-vacancy as a magnetic sensor
for scientific and technological applications
8
Thank You
http://www.bgu.ac.il/atomchip/
1
𝑚𝑠 =
2
𝑚𝑠 = −
1
2
1
21
𝑚𝐼 = −
12
𝑚𝐼 =
2
1
𝑚𝐼 = −
2
𝑚𝐼 =
10
11
12