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Mood Disorders:
Faces of Depression and Bipolar
How Many Do You Recognize?
Major Depressive Disorder
• Severe form of depression that
interferes with functioning,
concentration, and mental and
physical well-being
• Relatively short-term
• At least four of the following
symptoms are present:
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Problems with eating
Lack of sleep
Promblems with thinking
Problems concentrating
Problems with decition making
Lacking energy
Thinking about suicide
Feeling guilty or worthless
25
20
Lifetime
Prevalence of
Major
Depressive
Disorder
15
10
5
0
Male
Female
Overall
• Impairs people’s ability to meet
the ordinary responsibility of
everyday life.
• Cannot “shake it off” or “snap
out of it”
• May include delusions about
one’s body ‘rotting’ from
illness, hallucinations, or
psychosomatic manifestations
Dysthymic Disorder
• A milder form of depression which follows a
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chronic course of development.
Often begins during childhood or adolescence.
Feelings of being “down in the dumps,” but not
to such a degree that they cannot function.
Persistent complaints of depression become such
a fixture in the person’s life that they seem to be
intertwined with their personality.
Despite treatment and apparent recovery, the
risk of relapse is 90%.
Seasonal Affective Disorder
• Many people notice a change in their mood
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with the weather.
Seasonal Affective Disorder is a type of Major
Depressive Disorder in which the change of
seasons from Summer to Fall and Winter
brings on depression, lasting throughout the
season.
Treatment: light therapy
Bipolar Disorder
• Characterized by mood swings
between states of extreme
elation and depression
• Manic Phase: elation, extreme
confusion, distractibility, racing
thoughts.
– Sometimes difficult to detect
because the person seems to be
blessed with an unending state
of optimism.
– “It’s an emotional state similar
to Oz, full of excitement, color,
noise, and speed—an overload
of sensory stimulation—whereas
the sane state of Kansas is plain
and simple, black and white,
boring and flat. Mania has such
a dreamlike quality that often I
confuse my manic episodes with
dreams I’ve had.”
• Normalcy lasts for several months
with short bursts of mania and/or
depression
• Depressive Phase: overcome with
feelings of failure, sinfulness,
worthlessness, and despair.
– Essentially the same behavior as
Major Depressive Disorder
– “The patient lay in bed, immobile,
with a dull, depressed expression
on his face. His eyes were sunken
and downcast. Even when spoken
to, he would not raise his eyes to
look at the speaker. Usually he did
not respond at all to questions, but
sometimes, after apparently great
effort, he would mumble
something about the
“Scourge of God.”
Cyclothymic Disorder
• Chronic, but less severe mood swings than
are found in bipolar disorder.
• Begins in late adolescence, persists for
years.
• Periods of normal mood last for no more
than a month or so.
Mood Disorders
Causes
• Chemical Imbalance
• Emotional Disturbance
• Social Support
• Continually making
illogical conclusions
– Ex: blaming themselves for
normal, everyday failures
Treatment
• Antidepressants
• Psychotherapy
• Electroconvulsive Therapy
• Mood Stabilizers