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Chapter 7
Somatoform and Dissociative
Disorders
Abnormal Psychology, Eighth Edition
by
Gerald C. Davison and John M. Neale
Lecture notes created by Paul J. Wellman, Texas A&M University
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7
Somatoform Disorders
• Psychological factors produce physical symptoms in
the Somatoform Disorders:
– Conversion disorder involves a change in sensory/motor
function
– Somatization disorder involves recurrent, multiple somatic
complaints
– In pain disorder, chronic pain results in distress
– Body dysmorphic disorder involves a preoccupation with
an imagined physical defect
– Hypochondriasis is a preoccupation with disease
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.1
Conversion Disorder
• Conversion Disorder involves sensory or
motor symptoms
– Not related to known physiology of the body
• E.g. glove anesthesia
– Conversion symptoms appear suddenly
– Conversion symptoms are related to stress
– The person experiencing conversion disorder is
not distressed by sudden paralysis or blindness
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.2
Somatization Disorder
• Somatization Disorder involves recurrent,
multiple somatic complaints with no known
physical basis
• Diagnostic criteria include:
– Four pain symptoms in different locations
– Two gastrointestinal symptoms
– One sexual symptom other than pain
– One pseudoneurological symptom
• Lifetime prevalence is < 0.5%
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.3
Etiology of Somatoform
Disorders
• Somatization disorder reflects oversensitivity to
physical sensations
• Conversion disorder
– Psychoanalytic view focuses on unconscious
complexes and secondary gain
– Behavioral view focuses on similarity to malingering
– The incidence of conversion disorder has declined,
suggesting a role for social factors
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.4
Therapy for Conversion
Disorders
• Conversion disorder clients seek help from
physicians and resent referrals to
psychotherapists
– Psychoanalytic therapy is not effective for conversion
disorder
– The cognitive-behavioral approach involves pointing out
selective attention to physical sensations and
discouraging the client from seeking medical assistance
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.5
Dissociative Disorders
• Dissociative Disorders involve the inability to recall
important personal events or identity
– Dissociative amnesia is the inability to recall important
personal information
– Dissociative fugue involves extensive memory loss
– Depersonalization disorder involves an alteration of a
person’s self-experience
– Dissociative identity disorder (DID) involves the
presence of two different identities (alters)
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.6
Etiology of Dissociative
Disorders
• Consciousness is normally a unified
experience,consisting of cognition, emotion
and motivation
– Stress may alter the fashion in which memories
are stored resulting in amnesia or fugue
– DID may result from
• Severe physical/sexual abuse
• Learned social role enactment
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.7
Therapies for Dissociative
Disorders
• Psychoanalytic therapy seeks to lift
repressed memories
• Hypnosis is used in the treatment of DID
• Goal of therapy for DID is to
– Integrate the several personalities
– Help each alter understand that he or she is
part of one person
– Treat the alters with fairness and empathy
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e
Ch 7.8
Copyright
Copyright 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, New York, NY. All
rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this
copyright may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by
any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without written permission of the copyright
owner.
© 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Davison and Neale: Abnormal Psychology, 8e