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PERSONALITY An individual’s unique pattern of characteristics. INFLUENCES • Heredity: helps determine intellectual abilities, temperament, and talents • Environment: everything that is around you; where you live, the people around you, etc. • Attitudes: feeling or emotion a person has toward something • Behaviors: what you do PERSONALITY TYPE There are four dimensions to personality type. 1. How you focus energy: extroverted-energized by people and things; introverted-energized by ideas and images 2. How you gather information: sensing-trust tangible information that you gather from your senses; intuitive-give more weight to information from your insight and imagination 3. How you make decisions: thinking- you base your decisions on objective principles and facts; feeling-you trust your gut and weigh decisions against people issues and concerns 4. How you get work done: judging- your approach to doing things is structured and organized; perceiving-your approach to doing things is flexible, you adapt as you do things and prefer open-ended deadlines ADDICTION • A compelling desire to use a drug or engage in a specific behavior, continued use despite negative consequences, and a loss of contol. Affect on health status • Harm physical health • Jeopardize safety • Harm relationships • Cause problems with the law • Jeopardize financial health Characteristics for teens at risk • Depression or a negative self-image • Genetic vulnerability • Feelings of guilt or shame • Traumatic childhoods • Feelings of tension, anxiety, boredom or loneliness • Difficulty expressing feelings • Trouble managing anger • Trouble accepting repsonsibility for their actions • A constant need for approval • A need to control others • Poor coping skills • Difficulty with authority figures • Difficulty delaying gratification • Personal problems that they deny TYPES OF ADDICTIONS • Drugs: including alcohol, prescription drugs, illegal drugs, nicotine • Exercise • Gambling • Perfectionism • Relationships • Shopping • Television, computer, phones • Thrill-seeking • Work WHAT TO DO ABOUT ADDICITONS • Stay informed • Be aware of characteristics of at risk possibilities • Recognize the addiction • Get help – Formal intervention: an action by people who want a person to get treatment; confront addict with what they see and feel SIGNS OF ADDICTION • A compelling desire to take a drug or engage in a behavior • Taking a drug or engaging in behavior instead of dealing with feelings of anxiety, depression, boredom, or loneliness • Feeling bad about oneself after using or engaging • Using or engaging even when there are negative consequences • Trying to stop but unable to do so CODEPENDENCE • A problem in which a person neglects self to care for, control, or try to “fix” someone else • Enabler: a person who supports the harmful behavior of others CHARACTERISTICS OF CODEPENDENTS • Deny their feelings • Focus on fixing other people’s problems • Try to control other people • Feel responsible for what other people say or do • Seek approval of others • Have difficulty having fun • Have difficulty allowing others to care for them • Try to protect others from the harmful consequences of their behavior • Do not meet their own needs • Avoid living their own lives by concentrating on other people MENTAL DISORDERS • A behavioral or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in an individual and that is associated with distress or disability or with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability, or an important loss of freedom • Causes – Biological can be caused by genes, physical injuries, and illnesses that affect brain – Psychological influences include stress, traumatic experiences, and poor coping skills CATEGORIES OF MENTAL DISORDERS • Anxiety disorders: real or imagined threat prevent a person from enjoying life – General Anxiety Disorder (GAD)-a chronic or long-lasting state of anxiety, fear and tenseness; feel anxious most of the time; symptoms include fatigue, headaches, muscle tension, muscle aches, difficulty swallowing, trembling, irritability, sweating, increased heart rate, hot flashes – Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)-persistent, unwelcome thoughts or images and engages in certain rituals – Panic disorder-feelings of terror strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning – Specific phobia: a disorder in which there is excessive fear of certain objects, situations, or people that pose little or no actual danger; the fear is real though not realistic • Cognitive disorder: the brain deteriorates in function – Dementia: affects memory, language and reasoning; progresses from mild to severe and is fatal • Conduct disorder: a person regularly violates the rights of others and breaks social rules – Bullying, fighting, cruelty to animals • Eating disorders – A person has a compelling need to starve, to binge, or to binge and purge • Anorexia nervosa-person starves their body and weighs 15% or more below the healthful weight for their body type; extreme exercise, laxatives, vomiting are means of weight control • Bulimia-person binges (consume large quantities of food quickly), and then forces themselves to vomit, take laxatives or diuretics – Mood disorders: extreme moods • Clinical depression-long lasting feelings of hopelessness, sadness, or helplessness; diagnosis occurs when there has not been a recent trauma and they still experience 5 of 9 general symptoms-deep sadness, apathy, fatigue, agitation, sleep disturbance, weight or appetite changes, lack of concentration, feeling of worthlessness, morbid thoughts – Bipolar disorder: moods vary from extreme happiness to extreme depression – Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)-type of depression that usually occurs during reduced exposure to sunlight • Personality disorders: pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting interfere with daily living – Antisocial personality disorder: patterns of behavior are in conflict with society – Borderline personality disorder (BPD) sudden changes in mood, relationships, and behaviors • Schizophrenia: a breakdown in logical thought processes resulting in unusual behavior; hallucinations, delusions, and a distorted perception of reality are symptoms; not curable but treated with medication • Somatoform disorders: a person has symptoms of disease by no physical cause can be found – Hypochondria-constantly worried about illness TREATMENT FOR MENTAL DISORDERS AND ADDICTION • Formal intervention • Evaluation-physical exam and psychological/psychiatric evaluation • Medication • Inpatient and outpatient treatment • Therapy • Support groups