ORAL UPF/ TESI DOCT Nicotine addiction phenotypes in a BAC transgenic mouse
... chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with low and restrictive expression pattern with ...
... chromosome 15, which human genetic studies have identified as a strong candidate for nicotine dependence and smoking-related behaviours. This cluster codifies for the alpha5, alpha3 and beta4 subunits of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), with low and restrictive expression pattern with ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... we cannot investigate reward processing by looking at the properties of reward receptors. Instead, rewards are defined by the particular behavioral reactions they induce. Thus, to understand reward function, we need to study behavior. Behavior becomes the key tool for investigating reward function, ...
... we cannot investigate reward processing by looking at the properties of reward receptors. Instead, rewards are defined by the particular behavioral reactions they induce. Thus, to understand reward function, we need to study behavior. Behavior becomes the key tool for investigating reward function, ...
Behavioural Brain Research Ventral pallidum roles in reward and
... together with a later study that found that aphagia can be produced by lesions of the posterior ventral pallidum that do not invade globus pallidus or lateral hypothalamus [60], confirmed a role for the ventral pallidum as a key component of the neural system for eating and food ‘wanting’ [62]. The v ...
... together with a later study that found that aphagia can be produced by lesions of the posterior ventral pallidum that do not invade globus pallidus or lateral hypothalamus [60], confirmed a role for the ventral pallidum as a key component of the neural system for eating and food ‘wanting’ [62]. The v ...
The substance
... European Union is between 20 and 25%, cannabis has been used within a 12 months period by 5 to 10% of the population. For adolescents and young adults the prevalence of cannabis use during the last 12 months is about double as high (EMCDDA 2003). The frequency of use as well as patterns of use vary ...
... European Union is between 20 and 25%, cannabis has been used within a 12 months period by 5 to 10% of the population. For adolescents and young adults the prevalence of cannabis use during the last 12 months is about double as high (EMCDDA 2003). The frequency of use as well as patterns of use vary ...
Marijuana Use: Detrimental to Youth
... people before their first use of marijuana and again after long-term use (as much as 20+ years later) thereby ruling out a pre-existing difference in IQ. This means the finding of a significant mental decline among those who used marijuana heavily before age 18, even after they quit taking the drug, ...
... people before their first use of marijuana and again after long-term use (as much as 20+ years later) thereby ruling out a pre-existing difference in IQ. This means the finding of a significant mental decline among those who used marijuana heavily before age 18, even after they quit taking the drug, ...
understanding and addressing nicotine addiction
... unhealthy tobacco product use by engendering addiction to those products.3 However, research also indicates that nicotine use increases the risk of other substance use and addiction and may on its own have a number of adverse health consequences.4 Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and i ...
... unhealthy tobacco product use by engendering addiction to those products.3 However, research also indicates that nicotine use increases the risk of other substance use and addiction and may on its own have a number of adverse health consequences.4 Nicotine is a central nervous system stimulant and i ...
Psychopharmacology of conditioned reward
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
... stimuli and reward processes interact in a highly specific manner; analyses of this phenomenon may provide valuable insight into the processes that underlie reward-related learning. The effects of dopaminergic agents with different mechanisms of action in this paradigm have revealed several interest ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from
... In particular, studies on the actions of nicotine on DA pathways, specifically within the VTA, have provided insights into how nicotine might modify signalling through DA and non-DA VTA systems. The VTA and its input and output pathways. The mammalian VTA is a midbrain region that has been implicate ...
... In particular, studies on the actions of nicotine on DA pathways, specifically within the VTA, have provided insights into how nicotine might modify signalling through DA and non-DA VTA systems. The VTA and its input and output pathways. The mammalian VTA is a midbrain region that has been implicate ...
Chapter 2 Reivew of Lierature
... administration of nicotine and include symptoms like wet dog shaking, tremors, chews, teeth chattering, piloerection, gasps, shakes, yawns and palpebral ptosis these signs depend upon the amount of nicotine intake and can be overcome after treatment. Another method to produce withdrawal symptoms as ...
... administration of nicotine and include symptoms like wet dog shaking, tremors, chews, teeth chattering, piloerection, gasps, shakes, yawns and palpebral ptosis these signs depend upon the amount of nicotine intake and can be overcome after treatment. Another method to produce withdrawal symptoms as ...
Nicotine injections into the ventral tegmental area increase
... the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA neurons at the somatodendritic, rather than at the nerve terminal level is of major importance for the behavioral stimulation by nicotine. Thus. the drug, either i ...
... the drug has been found to increase extracellular concentrations of DA [26,32]. However, several studies indicate that stimulation of DA neurons at the somatodendritic, rather than at the nerve terminal level is of major importance for the behavioral stimulation by nicotine. Thus. the drug, either i ...
AP8_Lecture_12 - Forensic Consultation
... mood changes irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination ...
... mood changes irritability, slurred speech, and poor coordination ...
PDF - Journal of Neuroscience
... shown, however, that the nAChR antagonist methyllicaconitine (MLA), at concentrations previously thought to be ␣7-specific, was able to precipitate nicotine withdrawal in ␣7⫺/⫺ mice (Salas et al., 2007). This indicates that the nAChR antagonists available may not be as specific as previously believe ...
... shown, however, that the nAChR antagonist methyllicaconitine (MLA), at concentrations previously thought to be ␣7-specific, was able to precipitate nicotine withdrawal in ␣7⫺/⫺ mice (Salas et al., 2007). This indicates that the nAChR antagonists available may not be as specific as previously believe ...
Midbrain Dopamine Neurons Encode a Quantitative Reward
... a lever press will be followed by 1 ml of juice, the delivery of 1 ml of juice should produce no reward prediction error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment i ...
... a lever press will be followed by 1 ml of juice, the delivery of 1 ml of juice should produce no reward prediction error. Importantly, however, systems of this type do not necessarily account for all of the behavior produced by all animals under all circumstances. If an animal faces an environment i ...
Dopamine: the rewarding years
... This is an age in which celebrity status appears to be a human aim. Dopamine has certainly achieved that status in the neurotransmitter world with a highly successful book (Awakenings by Oliver Sachs), which inspired a play by Harold Pinter and was then converted to an equally compelling film in 199 ...
... This is an age in which celebrity status appears to be a human aim. Dopamine has certainly achieved that status in the neurotransmitter world with a highly successful book (Awakenings by Oliver Sachs), which inspired a play by Harold Pinter and was then converted to an equally compelling film in 199 ...
Background - Harvard University
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
Morphine effects on monetary reward - DUO
... electrodes, Olds and Milner (1954) found evidence that electrical stimulation in ‘lower areas of the brain’ caused rats to repeatedly self-stimulate for pleasure. Following these experiments, numerous animal studies using methods such as single-cell-recordings and intracranial stimulation combined w ...
... electrodes, Olds and Milner (1954) found evidence that electrical stimulation in ‘lower areas of the brain’ caused rats to repeatedly self-stimulate for pleasure. Following these experiments, numerous animal studies using methods such as single-cell-recordings and intracranial stimulation combined w ...
K. Lutz, M. Widmer
... (dark orange arrow) and the anterior cingulate cortex (light orange arrow) provide the main cortical input to the ventral striatum. Moreover, the ventral striatum receives substantial dopaminergic input from the midbrain. On the other hand, ventral striatum projections target the ventral pallidum an ...
... (dark orange arrow) and the anterior cingulate cortex (light orange arrow) provide the main cortical input to the ventral striatum. Moreover, the ventral striatum receives substantial dopaminergic input from the midbrain. On the other hand, ventral striatum projections target the ventral pallidum an ...
pain versus addictive behavior - RCRMC Family Medicine Residency
... – MMPI may be useful to identify psychological ...
... – MMPI may be useful to identify psychological ...
Timing in reward and decision processes
... Most of these sustained prereward activations are prolonged when reward delivery is delayed and terminate only after the reward, suggesting a relationship to reward occurrence. Interestingly, in some striatal neurons the activation begins later when reward delivery is predictably delayed (figure 2), ...
... Most of these sustained prereward activations are prolonged when reward delivery is delayed and terminate only after the reward, suggesting a relationship to reward occurrence. Interestingly, in some striatal neurons the activation begins later when reward delivery is predictably delayed (figure 2), ...
... forward theories. Along these lines, the effort made in this research field focuses on comprehending the complex profile of a cocaine-addictive person at three levels: biological, behavioural and social. Chronic cocaine use is related with medical, neurological and neuropsychiatric complications, wh ...
Modulation of Behavior by Expected Reward Magnitude Depends
... behavioral responding. In a series of experiments, we sought to characterize the role of dopamine in the dorsomedial striatum in modulation of reward-directed responding by visual cues. Different groups of rats subjected to infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine or vehicle into the posterior part of the dors ...
... behavioral responding. In a series of experiments, we sought to characterize the role of dopamine in the dorsomedial striatum in modulation of reward-directed responding by visual cues. Different groups of rats subjected to infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine or vehicle into the posterior part of the dors ...
Cannabis-Marijuana: Addiction,Treatment and Recovery Published By Caron Treatment Centers 2 0 0 6
... high school students.3 Currently, almost half of high school seniors report they have used marijuana at least one time, and almost 6% use it daily.3 Marijuana did not attain its current popularity until the 1960s. ...
... high school students.3 Currently, almost half of high school seniors report they have used marijuana at least one time, and almost 6% use it daily.3 Marijuana did not attain its current popularity until the 1960s. ...
Introduction - Bowling Green State University
... electric brain self stimulation (EBSS), which demonstrated the existence of reward centers (or pathways) inside the brain. In fact, as noted by Gallistel (1974), there are two main effects of rewarding brain stimulation. The first-one is to energize behaviors before that any conditioning had taken p ...
... electric brain self stimulation (EBSS), which demonstrated the existence of reward centers (or pathways) inside the brain. In fact, as noted by Gallistel (1974), there are two main effects of rewarding brain stimulation. The first-one is to energize behaviors before that any conditioning had taken p ...
Dynamic shaping of dopamine signals during probabilistic
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
... is well correlated with reward-prediction errors from formal reinforcement learning models, which feature teaching signals in the form of discrepancies between actual and expected reward outcomes. Additionally, in learning tasks where conditioned cues probabilistically predict rewards, dopamine neur ...
Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Enhances Dopaminergic Response
... mechanisms of this effect, be the first study to analyze the roles of D1 and D2 receptors in both males and females in this phenomenon, that may lead to further understanding the significant health problem of substance abuse in psychosis. Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Model Kostrzewa and colleagues h ...
... mechanisms of this effect, be the first study to analyze the roles of D1 and D2 receptors in both males and females in this phenomenon, that may lead to further understanding the significant health problem of substance abuse in psychosis. Dopamine D2 Receptor Priming Model Kostrzewa and colleagues h ...