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Transcript
The Endocrine System The Endocrine System The other communication system in the body—is made up of endocrine glands that produce hormones, chemical substances released into the bloodstream to guide such processes as metabolism, growth, and sexual development. Endocrine Glands Glands of the endocrine system that release hormones into the bloodstream Hormones Chemical substances released by the endocrine glands; they help regulate bodily activities Hormones • Hormones interest psychologists for two reasons: • • • First: At certain stages in our development hormones organize the nervous system and body tissue Second: Hormones activate behaviors Thyroid Gland • Thyroid Gland • Endocrine gland located below the voice box; it produces the hormone thyroxin. • What it does: • Regulates the body’s rate of metabolism • Parathyroid Glands • Parathyroids • Four tiny glands embedded in the thyroid; they secrete parathormone • What they do: • Control and balance the levels of calcium and phosphate in the blood and tissue fluids Pineal Gland • Pineal Gland • A gland located roughly in the center of the brain that appears to regulate activity levels over the course of a day • What it does: • Appears to regulate activity by controlling the release of melatonin The Pancreas • The Pancreas • Organ lying between the stomach and small intestine • What it does: • Secretes insulin and glucagon to regulate blood-sugar levels Pituitary Gland • Pituitary Gland • Gland located on the underside of the brain; it produces the largest number of the body’s hormones • It has two parts that function separately: - Posterior Pituitary - Anterior Pituitary Posterior Pituitary • Posterior Pituitary • Part of the pituitary that affects thirst, sexual behavior, and perhaps maternal behavior Anterior Pituitary • Anterior Pituitary • Part of the pituitary known as the “master gland” because it produces numerous hormones that trigger the action of other glands • What it does: • Regulates body growth and also affects motivation and emotions Gonads • The Gonads • The reproductive glands- testes in males and ovaries in females. • What they do: • They play a number of important organizing roles in human development Adrenal Glands • Adrenal Glands • Two endocrine glands located just above the kidneys. Each adrenal gland has two parts: • - Adrenal cortex • - Adrenal medulla Adrenal Cortex • Adrenal Cortex • Outer covering of the two adrenal glands; the adrenal cortex releases hormones important for dealing with stress Adrenal medulla • Adrenal Medulla • Inner core of the adrenal glands that also releases hormones to deal with stress Wrapping up - The endocrine system plays a key role in helping to coordinate and integrate complex psychological reactions. - The nervous system and the endocrine system work together in a constant chemical conversation