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Transcript
Psychology 304:
Brain and Behaviour
Lecture 18
1
The Endocrine System
1. What are some of the major hormones released by
the endocrine glands?
2
By the end of today’s class, you should be able to:
1. identify hormones released by distinct endocrine
glands and their functions.
3
What are some of the major hormones released by
the endocrine glands?
• Among the hormones released by the endocrine glands
are the following:
Oxytocin
 Released by the posterior pituitary.
 Associated with the milk letdown reflex, uterine
contractions, sexual response, bonding, and
parental behaviour.
4
Milk Letdown Reflex
5
Vasopressin
 Released by the posterior pituitary.
 Inhibits urine formation, allowing for water
conservation.
Growth Hormone or Somatotropin
 Released by the anterior pituitary.
 Regulates growth of tissue and bone, stimulates
immune system.
6
Thyroxine
 Released by the thyroid gland.
 Influences metabolic rate, increases alertness,
associated with reflexes.
Cortisol
 Released by adrenal cortex.
 Increases levels of blood glucose, accelerates protein
metabolism, produces anti-imflammatory effect.
7
Ephinephrine, Norephinephrine
 Released by the adrenal medulla.
 Prepare the body for “flight or fight”, under direct
control of sympathetic neurons.
Melatonin
 Released by pineal gland.
 Associated with maintenance of biological or
circadian rhythms. Antioxidant effects.
8
Estradiol
 Released by the ovaries.
 Associated with the development of female
secondary sexual characteristics, stimulates
secretion of FSH and LH associated with ovulation,
assists in the maintenance of pregnancy.
9
Testosterone
 Released by the testes.
 Associated with the development of male primary
and secondary sexual characteristics and sperm
production.
10
The Endocrine System
1. What are some of the major hormones released by
the endocrine glands?
11