* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM - Coastal Bend College
Survey
Document related concepts
Xenoestrogen wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Menstrual cycle wikipedia , lookup
Polycystic ovary syndrome wikipedia , lookup
History of catecholamine research wikipedia , lookup
Breast development wikipedia , lookup
Glycemic index wikipedia , lookup
Neuroendocrine tumor wikipedia , lookup
Endocrine disruptor wikipedia , lookup
Mammary gland wikipedia , lookup
Bioidentical hormone replacement therapy wikipedia , lookup
Hyperthyroidism wikipedia , lookup
Growth hormone therapy wikipedia , lookup
Hyperandrogenism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM CHAPTER 13 MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY STRUCTURES OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • • • • • • • • PITUITARY GLAND THYROID GLAND PARATHYROID GLANDS ADRENAL GLANDS PANCREAS THYMUS PINEAL GLAND GONADS THE SECRETIONS OF THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM • The endocrine system secretes a substance we call hormones • What are hormones? • Hormones are a chemical product of a gland that exerts its effect in an organ at a distant site. • The chemical is carried by the blood system to the distant organ PITUITARY GLAND • Sometimes called the master gland • Acts in response to stimuli from the hypothalamus • Contains two distinct lobes – Anterior pituitary gland – Posterior pituitary gland ANTERIOR LOBE • • • • ANTERIOR LOBE Secretes several hormones Thyroid-stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Follicle-stimulating hormone • Luteinizing Hormone • Lactogenic hormone • Growth hormone • Melanocytestimulating hormone POSTERIOR LOBE • Posterior lobe secretes two hormones • Antidiuretic hormone • Oxytocin THYROID GLAND • A critical yet perplexing organ • Thyroid hormone controls our entire metabolic system • Controlled by the hypothalamus and pituitary glands • Secretes two thyroid hormones – Thyroxin (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) – Calcitonin THYROID GLAND DISEASES • Diseases are quite common and affect both sexes • Hyperthyroidism--an overactive thyroid which means the metabolism is entirely too brisk • Graves disease--the body inappropriately creates antibodies that attach to the thyroid • Hypothyroidism--the gland isn’t producing enough of the thyroid hormones PARATHYROID GLANDS • USUALLY 4 OF THEM • SECRETES A HORMONE CALLED THE PARATHYROID HORMONE • REGULATES THE AMOUNT OF CALCIUM IN THE BLOOD ADRENAL GLANDS ADRENAL CORTEX • Secretes a group of hormones called corticoids which include • Aldosterone • Hydrocortisone • Androgens ADRENAL MEDULLA • Secretes two hormones • Epinephrine or adrenaline • Norepinephrine or noradrenaline PANCREAS • Contain special cells called the islets of Langerhans • Plays a major role in the metabolism of sugars and starches • Secretes insulin that regulates the transport of glucose and glucagon DIABETES MELLITUS • A metabolic disorder that is the result of inadequate secretion of insulin by the pancreas. • Several types of diabetes – Insulin-dependent diabetes – Non-insulin-dependent diabetes – Gestational diabetes INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES • Commonly called type I diabetes • A Disease that affects the way your body uses food • Your body destroys the cells in the pancreas that produce insulin • Generally must tape shots • There is no direct known cause of diabetes SYMPTOMS OF DIABETES • • • • • • • • High levels of sugar in the blood & urine Frequent urination Extreme hunger Extreme thirst Extreme weight loss Weakness and tiredness Mood changes Sick to the stomach NON-INSULIN-DEPENDENT DIABETES • The most common type of diabetes • Called Type 2 diabetes • Your body does not make enough insulin or still makes insulin but can’t properly use it • Usually occurs in people over 45 and overweight SYMPTOMS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES • • • • • • • • Increased thirst Increased need to urinate Feel edgy and tired Sick to the stomach May have increased appetite, but lose weight Hard to heal infections Blurred vision Dry, itchy skin ADDITIONAL DIABETIC PROBLEMS • HYPOGLYCEMIA--LOW BLOOD SUGAR • HYPERGLYCEMIA--HIGH BLOOD SUGAR • KETOACIDOSIS--A DIABETIC COMA WHAT IS INSULIN • Inside the pancreas, beta cells make the protein insulin • With each meal, beta cells release insulin. • Insulin takes the sugars that your body creates during the digestion of food and carries these sugar into the cells. • There are almost 30 types of insulin made in the US • Insulin comes from either animals or is made in labs by bacteria that have gene instructions to make human insulin THE THYMUS • Located behind the sternum • Plays a critical part in the body’s defense mechanism • Secretes the hormone thymosin THE PINEAL GLAND • Produces a number of hormones in small quantities • Secretes Melatonin • Secretes Serotonin GONADS Are the ovaries and testes which are the gamete or egg producing glands. They secrete several hormones • Estrogen • Progesterone • Testosterone STEROIDS • Hormones produces by the body • Medications taken by humans to duplicate the actions of these hormones • Anabolic Steroids