Download The Endocrine system - Chagrin Falls Schools

Glands and Hormones
What makes the
Endocrine system
unique is that it
secretes hormones…
These hormones are
chemical messengers
that are carried
through the
bloodstream to:


Stimulate other glands
Regulate growth,
development, metabolism,
sex processes
Hormones work by finding that specific
receptor on a specific cell to do their job…
Major Glands of the Endocrine System


Pituitary – also referred to as the “master gland” as it regulates all
other endocrine glands
Thyroid –responsible for metabolism and growth, how your body
uses oxygen and nutrients

Parathyroid – regulate calcium and phosphorus in the body

Adrenal – secrete adrenaline in emergency or stressful situations



Pancreas – responsible for secreting insulin to regulate blood
sugar levels in the bloodstream
Ovaries – female gonad, responsible for ovum production,
estrogen secretion and progesterone release
Testes - male gonad, responsible for sperm production and
testosterone secretion
Master gland of body
Located in the depression of sphenoid bone
Produces many hormones that affect other glands
Thyroid stimulating hormone
 Somatotropin- growth hormone
 Lutenizing (LH)- causes ovulation
 ICSH- causes testes to secrete testosterone
 Melanocyte stimulating- distribution of melanin in skin
 ADH- antidiuretic hormone




Giantism- would be
oversecretion of
somatotropin before
puberty
Dwarfism- would be
undersecretion of
somatotropin.
Cause: tumor,
injury, infection,
genetics
Diabetes insipidusdecreased ADH


Thyroid- produces
hormones that control
metabolism and
calcium in blood.
Thyroid gland must
have any source of
iodine



Goiter- not enough
iodine
Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism
Adrenal Glands
 Located just above the
kidney
(dunce hats)

Secretes many
hormones such as:
Epinephrine
Norepinephrine
Many steroid hormones,
including estrogen
and androgens
Pancreas Secretes pancreatic
juices into the small
intestines
 Secretes insulin, a
hormone that
transports glucose
into cells.
 Secretes glucagonincreases glucose in
bloodstream
Diabetes Mellitus


Cause – malfunction of gland, decreased
secretion of insulin
Symptoms





Excessive thirst, excessive urination, hyperglycemia,
slow healing of skin infections
Affects 21 million in US: 7% of population
Estimated 1/3 of people who have diabetes don’t
know it
225,000 die each year
132 billion/year- 10% of our health care spending