Download Ch 18 Lesson 1 - Aurora City Schools

Health Notes
Ch 18 Endocrine and Reproductive System
Lesson 1 The Endocrine System
* Cells in your body respond to messages sent by three of your major body systems- the
nervous system, the immune system, and the endocrine system*
Endocrine system- main function is to regulate growth and development; very important
during the teen years
Structure of the Endocrine System:
 _____________ ________- ductless-or tubeless-organs or groups of cells that
secrete
hormones directly into the bloodstream
 ___________- chemical substances that are produced in glands and help
regulate many of your body’s functions
1. Hormones are secreted by the endocrine glands and then are carried to
their destinations in the body by the ___________
2. Hormones produced during puberty trigger ____________ changes in the
body
3. Figure 18.1
1. ____________ ____________- regulates and controls the activities of all the
other endocrine glands; “master gland”
o Three lobes; anterior, intermediate, and posterior
o Anterior Lobe- front of the pituitary gland
 Produces hormones
 Somatotropic hormone- stimulates normal body growth
and development by alternating chemical activity in
body cells
 ___________ ____________hormone (TSH)stimulates the thyroid gland to produce hormones
 Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-stimulates
production of hormones in the adrenal glands
 ____________-_____________ Hormone (FSH)o Female-stimulates cells in the ovaries to
produce estrogen
o Males – controls sperm production
 Luteinizing Hormone (LH)o Females- responsible for ovulation and
stimulates ovarian cells to produce progesterone
o Males- stimulates cells in the testes to produce
the male hormone testosterone
o Intermediate Lobe Secretes melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), controls the
darkening of the skin by stimulating skin pigment
o ___________ __________ Secretes Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH); which regulates the
balance of water in the body; also produces oxytocin which
stimulates uterine contractions during the birth of a baby
2. __________ __________- glands that help the body recover from stress and
respond to emergencies
a. _________ _________- secrets a hormone that inhibits the amount of
sodium excreted in urine and serves to maintain blood volume and
pressure
i. secretes hormones that aid the metabolism of fats, proteins, and
carbohydrates
b. __________ __________- controlled by the hypothalamus and the
autonomic nervous system
i. secretes the hormone epinephrine(adrenaline) and
norepinephrine
ii. epinephrine increases heart rate and respiration, raises blood
pressure, and suppresses the digestive process
Problems of the Endocrine System:
*Factors such as stress, infection, and changes in the balance of fluids and
minerals in the blood can cause hormone levels to vary; most of these situations
will correct themselves*
More serious problems include:
o _________ ___________- disorder in which the pancreas produces too
little or no insulin, resulting in high blood glucose levels
o Sypmtoms- fatigue, weight loss, thirst, and frequent urination
o Graves’ Disease(hyperthyroidism)- an overactive and enlarged thyroid
gland produces excessive amounts of thyroxine
o Symptoms- nervousness, weight loss, increased thirst, rapid heart
beat
o ________________- low thyroxine production
o Symptoms- fatigue, dry skin, weight gain, constipation, sensitivity
to cold
o Cushing’s Disease- results from overproduction of adrenal horomones
o Symptoms- round face, humped upper back, thin and easily
bruised skin, fragile bones
o ___________- an enlargement of the thyroid gland; caused by lack of
iodine in the diet
o Very rare in the united states due to iodized salt
o Growth Disorder- caused by abnormal amounts of growth hormone
o With treatment a child with disease can reach normal height
Care of the Endocrine System
o Take care of all your body systems
o Eat __________ meals
o Get enough __________
o Avoid __________