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Nervous
System
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TERMINOLOGY (cover + 203)
Neuro Astro Micr(o) Uni Pia
 -glia (glue)
 Gangli Sens
biafefMultiOligodendr(o)meningmoto-
INTRODUCTION
The
nervous
system
consists of two
sections.
INTRODUCTION
1.
Peripheral Nervous
System (PNS)
All the nerves that go
out into the body.
PNS
INTRODUCTION
2.
Central Nervous
system (CNS)
BRAIN
SPINAL CORD
CNS
FUNCTIONS (4)
1.
Respond to
external and internal
environment.
(temp, acidity)
FUNCTIONS (4)
2.
Integration of
sensory
information. (make
sense of stuff)
FUNCTIONS (4)
3.
Coordination of
voluntary AND
involuntary
activities.
FUNCTIONS (4)
4.
Regulation of
the body
(homeostasis)
NERVOUS
TISSUE
Nervous tissue
High
energy user
Don’t really
reproduce
Neuroglia or glial
NON-conducting!
Job
is protect,
support, and
nourish neurons.
Nervous tissue
There
are four
types of neuroglia
cells. A, B, and C
are in CNS. D is
found on the PNS.
Neuroglia
A.
Astrocytes:
Nourish neurons
Connects neurons to
capillaries (oxygen
and nutrient)
Neuroglia
B.
Oligodendrocytes:
improve conduction
for neurons. (Create
myelin)
Oligodendrocytes
Neuroglia
C.
Microglia:
Small, phagocytes
(eat particles) clean
things up
Neuroglia
D.
Schwann
Cells: improve
conduction
(myelinate
nerves)
Schwann Cells
Neurons
Neurons
Carry
impulses to
AND from the
CNS.
Neurons
SKIP
STRUCTURE,
go right to function.
Neurons
Three
classified types of
neurons:
Sensory Neurons
Associative (inter
neurons)
Motor Neurons
Sensory Neurons
Transfer
message
from receptors PNS
to CNS. (3 types of
receptors)
Sensory Neurons
Exteroceptors:
External, or on
surface. (eyes, ears,
skin ~ sense
environment)
Sensory Neurons
Propioceptors:
Involved in balance
and tension (muscles)
Sensory Neurons
Interoceptors:
Internal (digestion,
hunger, excretion,
heart, breathing)
Inter-neurons
ONLY
IN CNS!!!!
Link sensory to
motor
Motor neurons
Message
from CNS
to effectors
(muscles, glands)
Let
us put it
together!
Roman Candle
time.
NEURON
STRUCTURE
COLOR CODE TIME
PLEASE
COLOR
CODE THE NEURON
ON PAGE 4.
Color d, g, h, I, j,
k, l and cell body
CELL BODY
AKA
Soma
Contains nucleus,
neuroplasm, nissl
bodies.
Nissl Bodies
Clusters
of
ribosomes
(energy/protein
makers)
Dendrites
Receive
signals,
impulse carried
towards cell body.
Afferent process.
(Carry toward)
Carries
Axon
outgoing
signals (away from
cell body = Efferent
process
Can branch to touch
many fibers.
Myelin
Insulated
lipid that
improves impulse
speed.
White in appearance
Myelin
A.
White matter:
White appearance
from myelin CNS
Myelin
B.
Gray matter:
No myelin, outer
part of brain
(cortex) and some
CNS
Neurilemma
Thin membrane that
surrounds axon in
PNS.
If nerve has
neurilemma it CAN
regenerate!
Node of Ranvier
Gaps
between glial
cells where myelin is
not complete.
Saltatory
conduction= jump
from node to node.
Schwann cell
Neuroglia
cells
which add myelin
to axons of the PNS