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Date Session # 3/7-8 8 Activity Page # Hidden Organism Evolution of life “recap” Mouse Hunt 18 Genotype Phenotype Review 19 Conflicting Evolution Theories Darwin’s 4 Principles 20 h/w read 17B-25B answer questions 1-5 on 25B 8.L.4 Understand the evolution of organisms and landforms based on evidence, theories and processes that impact the earth over time. 8.L.4.1 Summarize the use of evidence drawn from geology, fossils, and comparative anatomy to form the basis for biological classification systems and the theory of evolution 8.L.4.2 Explain the relationship between genetic variation and an organism’s ability to adapt to its environment TLW explain the principles of evolution by relating each principle to an element of a classroom demonstration, completing analysis questions after viewing a video. Hidden Organism p. 18 • You will have 1 minute to search the room for an organism that “lives” in the classroom. • Your are this organism’s predator. • The organism is shaped like this: • When you find it/them, TELL NO ONE! • Return to your seat and describe this activity and the adaptation of this species on 18 of your notebook. Describe any other organisms you can think of with this type of adaptation. Geologic Time Scale records the evolution of life Unicellular organisms (1 cell) bacteria Multicellular organisms (2 or more cells) Simple plants ferns algae fish amphibians Flowering plants reptiles mammals Evolution of living organisms: process thru which species change over time, due to a change in genetic material that is passed thru generations. Mouse Hunt Think and write…what did you notice? Early conclusions? Read and annotate Genotype Phenotype review • Genotype describes the genes/alleles an organism has inherited from its parents. Organisms inherit one copy of each gene from their parents. Genotypes are represented using letters for each allele (one from each parent.) An allele is a form of a gene. (Ex: G and g are two alleles of a gene. GG, Gg, and gg are the different genotypes for this trait). Capital letters represent the dominant allele, lower case letters represent the recessive allele. • Phenotype describes how the genotype is expressed in an organism. Phenotype is how an organism looks (physical traits) based on the genotype. Different genotypes can produce different phenotypes for a trait. One sentence that summarizes the difference between a genotype and a phenotype Right Handed Brown Eyes Straight hair attached ear lobes EE, Ee Right Handed Ccdd CCdd Blue Eyes ee Freckles attached ear lobes Right handed, Curly hair EeDd, EE,Dd EEDD, EeDD Right handed, curly hair Read and annotate Genetics and Natural Selection • Traits are controlled by genes, which are inherited during reproduction. • A population can be thought of as a gene pool. • Evolution through Natural Selection acts on an organism’s phenotype (traits or characteristics) not its genotype. As a result, it influences the frequency of genotypes. For many traits, the homozygous genotype (AA, for example) has the same phenotype as the heterozygous (Aa) genotype. If both an AA and an Aa individual have the same phenotype, the environment will not distinguish between them. • Some alleles (forms of a gene) can increase or decrease based on changing selective pressures from the environment. (New disease, predator, climate shift) On page 19 • Write a one sentence summary about the relationship between genotypes, phenotypes and evolution Page 20 Two scientists with competing theories of evolution LAMARK •French •Animals acquired traits during their lifetime and passed them on to offspring •Lamark was wrong!! •Ex. Giraffes DARWIN Two scientists with competing theories of evolution LAMARK •French •Animals acquired traits during their lifetime and passed them on to offspring •Lamark was wrong!! •Ex. Giraffes DARWIN •British •Natural Selection: members of a species that are best suited to environment will survive and reproduce •4 principles to support Ex: Galapagos Isles Finch beaks Darwin’s 4 Principles of Evolution p 20 Overproduction Darwin’s 4 Principles of Evolution Overproduction When plant or animal reproduces, it makes more offspring than actually survive and reproduce Ex Overproduction Variation Overproduction Variation •There are naturally occurring variations (differences) in traits due to different genetic material or due to mutations •Variations get passed on to offspring Overproduction Variation •There are naturally occurring variations (differences) in traits due to different genetic material or due to mutations •Variations get passed on to offspring Ex Flow Map shows order of events Overproduction Variation Adaptation Darwin’s 4 Principles of Evolution Overproduction Variation Adaptation • Inherited trait that gives an organism an advantage in its environment over other members of the species Ex Darwin’s 4 Principles of Evolution Overproduction Variation Adaptation Selection •Organisms with an adaptation will survive to reproduce and pass on the adaptation “Survival of the Fittest” Ex For each principle of natural selection: • Where did you see that principle modeled in the activity. Write it down in the example section in your notes