Download History of the Theory Notes (15.1)

History of the Theory (15.1)
State Standard
SB5A. Trace the history of the theory.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Before Darwin
 __________ – 385-322 BC
 Revered __________ philosopher & scientist
 Believed organisms were created in a
__________ form that could not __________
over time
 His ideas were highly influential for __________
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Before Darwin
 Jean Baptiste de __________ – 1800s
 French __________ Believed inheritance of
__________ traits were the driving force of
evolution.
 Believed traits were acquired through __________
__________.
 Ex: A giraffe had to stretch its neck in order to
reach food – so the neck got longer during the
giraffe’s lifetime and was passed to the next
generation.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Before Darwin – cont’d
 Geologists were discovering ancient
__________, __________, & fossilized
__________ in England in the 1800s.
 These items were being found in hillsides &
riverbeds & gave new __________ about
diversity of organisms.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Other Names Who Influenced Darwin
 James __________ & Charles __________ –
Gradualism
Earth had changed over very
__________ periods of time.
 Thomas __________ – Struggle for
__________
Populations outgrew resources & had to
__________.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Darwin’s Voyage
 In 1831, Darwin set sail on the HMS
__________
 Darwin’s role on the ship was as
____________ and companion to the captain.
 His job was to ____________ biological and
geological specimens during the ship’s travel.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
The Galápagos Islands
 Off the ________ coast of South America
 Each island had a unique ____________ &
geographical features.
 Darwin began to collect mockingbirds,
____________, and other animals on the four
islands.
 He noticed that the different islands seemed
to have their own, slightly ____________
varieties of animals.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
The Galapagos Islands – cont’d
 Darwin theorized that the island populations
came from the __________ ancestral
populations on the ____________.
 Populations from the mainland ____________
after reaching the Galápagos.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Concepts That Emerged from Darwin’s Work…
 ________________ – inherited traits that may
give an individual survival & reproductive
____________ over other individuals.
 Darwin hypothesized that new species could
appear gradually through small changes in
ancestral species.
 Darwin inferred that if humans could change
species by artificial selection, then perhaps the
same process could work in nature
(__________ __________).
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Concepts That Emerged from Darwin’s Work…
cont’d
 ____________ ____________ – populations
that get geographically separated may give rise
to adaptations specifically ____________ to
each environment.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Principles of Natural Selection
 Individuals in a population show ____________.
 Variations can be ____________.
 Organisms have more offspring than can
____________ on available resources
(overproduction).
 Variations that increase reproductive
____________ will have a greater chance of
being ____________ on.
Chapter 15
Evolution
15.1 Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection
Darwin & Wallace
 Darwin published On the Origin of __________
by Means of __________ Selection in 1859.
 Natural Selection was a means of explaining
how evolution __________.
 Wallace also studied & wrote about evolution,
emphasizing ____________ of resources, while
Darwin focused on ____________ success.
 Darwin’s amount of data & thorough
explanations caused his theories to be become
____________.