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catalyst For each statement, indicate if you Agree or Disagree. Do NOT write the questions: 1.Organisms change over time 2.According to evolution, people came from monkeys. 3.A theory means there is very little evidence to support it 4.You can either believe in Evolution OR God. 5.Evolution is something that happened in the past – not now. 6.There is evidence that supports evolution. 7.Evolution can explain why some organisms live and others die. Wednesday Catalyst How is homologous structure(s) evidence for evolution? What biochemical evidence do we use to defend evolution? 2 men, 2 theories Lamarck Charles Darwin Lamarck Theory of acquired characteristics •He said an individual can acquire changes during its lifetime and pass them on to their offspring – Example: a body builder with huge muscles would pass on the huge muscles to the baby Lamarck Original Short shortneck necked ancestor Keeps stretching neck to reach leaves higher on tree and stretching and stretching Long neck until neck gets longer 2 men, 2 theories Lamarck Charles Darwin Charles Darwin Theory of Natural Selection variation heritable MORE OVERPRODUCTION compete COMPETITION survive fit adaptations pass on NATURAL SELECTION Dead giraffe Darwin • Survival of the fittest: survival of those best adapted individuals allows those best adapted traits to be passed on to offspring • Over time, the adaptation is seen in a greater number of individuals in the population because nature has selected the trait to help that organism survive. • Evolution : the theory that species change over time • Species: a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring • Variation: a difference exhibited by a member of a species • Natural selection: the theory that organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass on their adaptations to their offspring • Adaptation: a beneficial trait that enables an organism to survive and reproduce Videos http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AiTG6T9 pTcM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sfgg3S0x nzk Practice 2: Natural Selection U7-14 Read the introduction & complete step 10 min. Mutation is a random process but natural selection is not Peppermoth Lab Demonstration of the most ‘fit’ moth! http://www.youtube.com/watc h?v=LyRA807djLc catalyst 1.What was Lamarck’s theory called? 2.What is Darwin’s theory called? 3.Describe the first organisms on early Earth! Mechanisms U7-6 mechanisms Changes in gene pool (types of genes) cause evolution! •Mutation: can cause changes to a gene - IMPORTANT: has to affect sex cells so the mutations are passed on! •Variation provides the material for natural selection to work on! Speciation (new species) when small populations become isolated Geographic isolation: two populations of the same species become separated by a physical barrier. Over time, they become two different species and can no longer interbreed. Co-Evolution The evolution of one species influences the evolution of the other species. Co-Evolution Example A moth and a flower. They evolve together so the moth’s tongue is exactly the right shape to fit in the flower and eat the nectar, while pollinating the flower. Example Garter snakes and a roughskinned newt. The snake eats the newt and the newt has developed chemicals to poison the snakes. Some snakes developed a mutation to be resistant to the poison so they can eat the newts. mimicry "To mimic = to copy" •When organisms have evolved to share common characteristics. This adaptation may increase the fitness of the organism and allow it to survive better. * Example: Camouflage and wing patterns in butterflies mimicry mimicry Mimicry – walking stick Praying mantis Chameleon playing dead The environment The environment decides which adaptations are favorable and which are not. An organism cannot determine if it will be more fit; it's all up to the environment! Pesticide Resistance * Pesticides are chemicals used to kill insects that harm crops * Occasionally, these insects develop adaptations that make them resistant, allowing them to survive, reproduce, and pass on their adaptation onto their offspring Antibiotic Resistance * Bacterial infections are treated with drugs known as Antibiotics * Some bacteria may have mutations that make them resistant (don't die) to the antibiotic * These bacteria survive, and will go on to reproduce, so over time, the bacteria population will no longer die if treated with an antibiotic tuberculosis Antibiotic Resistance =Least resistant bacteria =Resistant bacteria =EXTREMELY resistant bacteria