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What is Evolution?
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Evolution
• Definition: to unroll, unfold, or change.
• Anything can change
• Word “evolution” brings to mind thoughts
of an amoeba changing over millions of
years into a human.
• We need to clarify what kind of “change”
we are discussing.
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Changes: Big and Small
The word “evolution” is used in different ways - one
true, the other not. Both evolutionists and
creationists believe in changes that have come upon
the world.
“Micro-evolution” - the
adaptation of
populations through
natural selection is
well-proven (Changes
within a kind)
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Changes: Big and Small
Special Theory of Evolution or
“Microevolution” which describes small
changes that do not cross “phylogenetic
boundaries.” This is change within groups
(i.e. dogs, german shepherds, pit bulls and
poodles) but doesn’t allow changes from
one group to another (i.e. fish to
amphibian to reptile, etc.)
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Changes: Big and Small
• “Macro-evolution” - change beyond the
species level (One kind becomes another
kind)
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Changes: Big and Small
• General Theory of Evolution or
“Macroevolution” is the theory that all
the living forms in the world have arisen
from a single source which itself came
from an inorganic form.
• Problem with “macroevolution” is that it
goes against what we have observed in
nature, in that it does not recognize the
limits of change.
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Small changes do occur, but eventually
those changes come to a genetic
barrier that is impossible to cross.
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
species
KIND?
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BIBLE “KINDS”
• Comes from Hebrew word “min”
Occurs 31 times in Old Testament
• Not equivalent to word species
• New species can be formed but new
kinds cannot
• “Cattle” in Gen. 1:25 & “Hawk” in
Lev. 11:16
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Charles Darwin’s Theory
• “Father of evolutionary theory”
• Originally believed in God but
later believed in power of nature
• Church of England taught the
“fixity of species”
• In study of nature found that
organisms do change
• Did not understand that the Bible
and the facts of nature agree.
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Finches of the
Galapagos Islands
• 1835
• Studied finches
• Thought if nature could
change size and shape
of beaks in a few
years—what could
nature change in a few
million years?
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Finches of the
Galapagos Islands
• Study has continued for past
160+ years—finches have
always had beaks.
• The only thing that “Darwin’s
finches” prove is that a finch
always stays a finch.
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Natural Selection
• “Survival of the fittest” –center of
evolutionary thought.
• Creationists have never objected to the
idea of natural selection. Could it be
the Creator’s plan for preventing
harmful mutations from destroying an
entire species?
• Cannot cause one kind of organism to
“evolve” into another kind of organism.
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Genetic Mutations
• Now coupled with Natural Selection to
explain evolution.
• Changes in the DNA structure which
are passed from parent to offspring.
• We are told that “nature” has
“selected” certain beneficial mutations
and plugged them into various
organisms, eventually causing those
organisms to change from one kind to
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another.
DNA
STRUCTURE
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DNA TO PROTEIN SEQUENCE
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CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
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Genetic Mutations
• Mutations are random
• Mutations are very rare. “It is probably
fair to estimate the frequency of a majority
of mutations in higher organisms between
one in ten thousand and one in a
million per gene per generation.”
• Good mutations are very, very rare.
Three kinds: good, bad and neutral. Over
99% are harmful in some way.
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Genetic Mutations
Color blindness
is a common
genetic
mutation
6 % of males; ½
% of females.
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Genetic Mutations
George Gaylord Simpson (famous evolutionist from
Harvard University) admitted that if there were a
population of 100 million individuals, and
they produced a new generation every day,
the likelihood of obtaining good evolutionary
results from mutations could be expected
once every 274 billion years! “Unless there
is an unknown factor tremendously
increasing the chance of simultaneous
mutations, such a process has played no
part whatever in evolution.”
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Genetic Mutations
• Remember, mutations do not create
genetic information, they only alter
existing information.
• Natural selection plus mutations still
does not answer the question of life’s
origin of living things.
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OTHER “PROOFS”
OF EVOLUTION
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ERNST HAECKEL’S HOAX
• Ontogeny Recapitulates
Phylogeny
• Human baby goes
through different
evolutionary stages as
it grows
• Human embryos never
have gill slits like fish
• Humans do not go
through a “rabbit-like”
or “lizard-like” stage.
• Humans are humans
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English Peppered Moth
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English Peppered Moth
• No new genetic material was created to
form the black moth.
• Moths were still moths.
• Change can occur but there are limits.
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Did Horses Evolve?
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Did Horses Evolve?
• The horse series was constructed from
fossils that do not fit together.
• The animals have different numbers of ribs
and vertebrae.
• George Gaylord Simpson (famous evolutionist) said
“The uniform, continuous transformation of
Hyracotherium into Equus, so dear to the
hearts of generations of textbook writers,
never happened in nature.”
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Did Horses Evolve?
The proof for horse (camel, whale)
evolution is mainly bound up in the
work of an artist with a good
imagination.
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Are Things that Look Similar
Always Related?
• Homologous
structures
• Evolutionists
conclude that all
these animals must
be related.
• Creationist says this
is evidence of a
common designer.
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Are there “Leftovers” of
Evolution?
• Vestigial Organs
• Over 100 parts of the
human body (tonsils,
appendix, wisdom teeth,
coccyx, etc.)
• Appendix is lymphoid
tissue which helps
produce white blood
cells to fight disease.
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Vestigial Organs
• Tonsils help fight off germs
• Wisdom teeth help in grinding of food
(if jaw is large enough)
• Coccyx serves as a point of attachment
for pelvic muscles that help us stand
up. Also in sitting more comfortably.
• Creationists recognize the word
“vestigial” as meaning “intended
purpose not yet known.”
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Powerful Point
If man does have over 100 vestigial organs, then in
the past he would have had more organs than he
now has. In the past, he would have been
developing the organs that he presently has, plus he
would have had the 100+ functional vestigial organs.
So the farther back we go in time, the more complex
the organism becomes. Yet, evolutionary theory
states that organisms become more complex over
time. How can both of these teachings be correct?
Evolution is the rise of new, different, and
functioning organs, not the wasting away of alreadypresent complex organs.
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God designed the body perfectly. There
are no leftovers of evolution.
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