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Natural Selection: The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. Adaptation: A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce. Evolution is the gradual change in living things over long periods of time The fossil record provides evidence to support the theory of evolution Older rock layers contain fossils of simpler organisms and newer ones show more complex organisms Homologous structures are similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor Animals with similar body structure must have evolved from a common ancestor Fossil record shows evidence of changes in the environment over time Often times, environmental changes will cause organisms to evolve in different ways Organisms adapt to survive in their environment, so if the environment changes, so will the organisms.