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Adapting to the Environment Charles Darwin British Naturalist Traveled aboard the H.M.S. Beagle Wrote “On the Origin of Species” in 1859 - Evolution By Means of Natural Selection Evolution by Natural Selection Also called “survival of the fittest”. Organisms that are best suited for their environment survive to produce offspring and pass their “good traits” onto their children. Organisms that are not well suited, die, as do their “bad traits”. Eventually, after many generations, the population contains more organisms with the “good traits” 1. All organisms have the ability to produce more offspring than can possible survive 2. The environment contains things that kill organisms. 3. Individual’s traits differ or vary. 4. Some traits give an advantage. Adaptation- An inherited trait that increases an organisms chance of survival. Animal Adaptations Chameleon Chameleon Adaptations Long, sticky tongue Blending coloration Protruding eyes that move independently Toes on feet and prehensile tail for grasping Golden Eagle Golden Eagle Adaptations Large feet with long, curved talons Hooked beak for tearing prey Keen eyesight Long, broad wings for carrying off prey Starfish Starfish Adaptations Suction-powered tube feet to attach to prey Strong, flexible arms for opening shellfish Can eject stomach into shell of prey to digest meal (clams) Cougar Cougar Adaptations Tawny coloration allows cougar to stalk undetected Sharp, retractable claws for grasping prey Powerful jaws with daggerlike teeth for killing prey Muscular body ideal for running short distances quickly Red Fox Red Fox Adaptations Long, muscular legs for running long distances Keen hearing, sense of smell, eyesight, sharp teeth 5. Because individuals with advantageous traits have more offspring, each new generation contains a greater proportion of these traits. Evolution on the Galapagos Co-evolution- Two or more organisms evolving in response to one another. Failure to evolve… Leads to extinction – the irreversible disappearance of a population or species. Dodo Bird Great Auk Laysan Rail Passenger Pigeon Auroch Bluebuck Cape Lion What are our classroom pet’s adaptations? Milk Snake Coral Snake "Red on yellow will kill a fellow, but red on black is a friend of Jack." "Red on yellow, deadly fellow; Red on black, venom lack." "Red and yellow will kill you fellow; Red and black is friend Jack." Batesian Mimicry – Protection from predators