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Transcript
Chemistry Notes Electron Configurations The Bohr Model In the early 1900’s Niels Bohr introduced the concept of energy levels, where the electrons orbited similar to the way the planets orbit the sun. Quantum Mechanical Model In 1926, Erwin Schrodinger used the new quantum theory to write and solve mathematical equations to describe electron location. Shrodinger’s Equation The Quantum Mechanical Model, cont. Today’s model comes from the solutions to Schrodinger’s equations. Where are the electrons? In an atom, principal energy levels (n) can hold electrons. These principal energy levels are assigned values in order of increasing energy (n=1,2,3,4...). Where are the electrons? Within each principal energy level, electrons occupy energy sublevels. There are as many sublevels as the number of the energy level (i.e., level 1 has 1 sublevel, level 2 has 2 sublevels, etc.) Where are the electrons? There are four types of sublevels—s,p,d and f. Inside the sublevels are atomic orbitals that hold the electrons. Every atomic orbital can hold two electrons. Where are the electrons? Atomic orbitals give the probable location of an electron, where it can be found 90% of the time. Think about your own home address, can you be found there all the time? Orbital Shapes Where are the electrons? S has one orbital, P has three, D has five and F has seven. How many electrons can each one hold? Where are the electrons? Where are the electrons? Where are the electrons? Electron Configuration In the atom, electrons and the nucleus interact to make the most stable arrangement possible. Electron Configuration The ways that electrons are arranged around the nucleus of an atom is called the electron configuration. Electron Configuration The electron configuration is similar to an “address” for each electron in an atom. Electron Configuration For example, the electron configuration for Helium is: 2 1s 1 = the energy level s = the sublevel 2 = the number of electrons Electron Configuration For example, the electron configuration for Oxygen is: 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p Electron Configuration What do you get when you add up the superscripts from Oxygen’s electron configuration? 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p Electron Configuration What do you get when you add up the superscripts from Oxygen’s electron configuration? 2 2 4 1s 2s 2p What does the number 8 tell you? Electron Configuration Which element has the following electron configuration? 2 2 6 1 1s 2s 2p 3s Electron Configuration Which element has the following electron configuration? 2 2 2 1s 2s 2p Electron Configuration Which element has the following electron configuration? 2 2 6 2 5 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p Electron Configuration Write the electron configuration for Magnesium. Electron Configuration Write the electron configuration for Nitrogen. Electron Configuration Write the electron configuration for Potassium.