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THE THREE STATES OF MATTER What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Properties of Matter • How It Looks (Shiny ,Dull, Color, etc.) • How It Feels (Hard, Soft, Rough , Smooth, etc.) • How It Smells (Sweet, Sharp, Terrible, No Smell, etc.) • How It Sounds (Loud, Soft, Echo, No Sound, etc.) • What It Does (Bounce, Stretch, Tear, Break, Magnetism etc.) SOLIDS SOLID A solid is matter that has definite size and shape. Example: Put a sneaker in a box. It stays the same. Liquids LIQUID A liquid takes the shape of any container. Example: Pour juice into a glass. The juice will take on the shape of the glass. GAS Gas Gas is matter that has no definite shape. Gases take the shape of whatever container they are in . Example: The air all around us is a gas. Physical changes in matter A Physical change is a change in how matter looks, but not the kind of matter it is. • Tear • Cut • Folded • Written • Liquid • Solid • Gas • Mixture • Solution PHYSICAL CHANGES Chemical changes in matter New Matter is formed. Burning Rusting Cooking CHEMICAL CHANGES Let’s watch a video clip about matter! States of Matter Click to go to the next slide. Is this a solid, a liquid, or a gas? Can you find more than one type of matter in any of the pictures? Is this a physical change or a chemical change? Can you find more than one physical or chemical change in the pictures? Elements & Atoms An atom refresher • Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass. • All matter is made of atoms • Atoms are the building blocks of matter, sort of how bricks are the building blocks of houses. An atom refresher • An atom has three parts: • Proton = positive • Neutron = no charge • Electron = negative • The proton & neutron are found in the center of the atom, a place called the nucleus. • The electrons orbit the nucleus. Picture from http://education.jlab.org/qa/atom_model_03.gif What are elements? • Elements are the alphabet to the language of molecules. • To make molecules, you must have elements. • Elements are made of atoms. While the atoms may have different weights and organization, they are all built in the same way. Graphic from http://education.jlab.org/atomtour/fact2.html More about Elements.. • Elements are the building blocks of all matter. • The periodic table is a list of all of the elements that can build matter. It’s a little like the alphabet of chemistry. • The periodic table tells us several things… Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Periodic Table Atomic Number: Number of protons and it is also the number of electrons in an atom of an element. Element’s Symbol: An abbreviation for the element. Elements Name Atomic Mass/Weight: Number of protons + neutrons. 8 O Oxygen 16 Atom Models • There are two models of the atoms we will be using in class. • Bohr Model • Lewis Dot Structure Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Bohr Model • The Bohr Model shows all of the particles in the atom. - • In the center is circles. Each circle represents a single neutron or proton. Protons should have a plus or P written on them. Neutrons should be blank or have an N. • In a circle around the nucleus are the electrons. Electrons should have a minus Created by G.Baker sign or an e. www.thesciencequeen.net + + - Electrons have special rules…. • You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the first orbit of an electron. • Electrons live in something called shells or energy levels. • Only so many can be in any certain shell. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Nucleus 1st shell 2nd shell 3rd shell Adapted from http://www.sciencespot.net/Media/atomsfam.pdf Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net Electrons have special rules…. • You can’t just shove all of the electrons into the first orbit of an electron. • Electrons live in something called shells or energy levels. • Only so many can be in any certain shell. • The electrons in the outer most shell of any element are called valance electrons. Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net So let’s try it…. • How to draw a Lithium atom • First, look at the Periodic Table • Second, determine the number of protons (Look @ the atomic number) • Then determine the number of neutrons (Atomic mass – atomic number) • Then determine the number of electrons (Look @ the atomic number) Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net 3 Li Lithium 7 So let’s try it…. Protons = 3 3 - Li + + + Lithium - 7 Electrons = 3 2 in the 1st shell, 1 in the 2nd shell Neutrons = 4 (7-3=4) Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net How to… 1. Write the symbol. 2. Start on the right hand side, working your way clockwise around the symbol. 3. Try Lithium Created by G.Baker www.thesciencequeen.net