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Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo: Research Priorities and Interest in China Lin Gan SINCIERE Member Workshop October 19, 2007 Institute Profile • • • • • Established in 1990 Focus on climate change related research Independent foundation at Oslo University More than 40 staff with different background Conduct interdisciplinary research Key Research Areas • Scientific basis of climate change and international agreements • GHG mitigation and costs • Climate impacts, vulnerability and adaptation Scientific Basis and International Agreements – What are the key processes, both natural and man-made, that contribute to climate change? – What are the effects of emissions and climate policy measures on the climate system? – How do we translate scientific knowledge about the climate system and future scenarios to politically feasible actions in international agreements? – What role does conflicting interests, at both the domestic and international levels, play in climate negotiations? GHG Mitigation and Costs – How can we mitigate climate change cost effectively for the short and the long term? – How can we compare the costs and benefits of climate policy options? – How do international climate agreements translate to national or regional climate policy? – What are the impacts of greenhouse gas mitigation options on other environmental problems, e.g. air pollution, energy security or social development? Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation – What are the specific impacts of climate change for various regions throughout the world? – What makes a country or region vulnerable to climate change? – How can local knowledge be incorporated in adaptation strategy? – How do the effects of climate change interact with other stressors, such as globalization? Integrated Assessment of Options for Greenhouse Gas Mitigation • Need to link climate change issues and policies with pollution control, economic and social development priorities • Cost-benefit analysis of different policy options on pollution abatement and CO2 emissions reduction • Address pressing issues related to rural development and sustainable energy and environmental policies Research Priorities • Sustainable economic growth, energy security and regional development • Urban and regional air pollution (including acid rain) • Sustainable rural development: indoor air pollution and renewable energy development • Co-benefit analysis of abatement measures and policy options • Climate impact and adaptation on water resource management , community development and renewable energy applications Co-benefit Analysis • Analyze co-benefits of GHG emissions reduction and regional/local pollution abatement • Assess health and environmental impacts of air and water pollution and remidation strategies and policy measures • Analyze top-down and bottom-up approaches in taking cost-effective actions • Assessment of key technologies and financial instruments Projects in China • Options for Chinese climate policy in the second commitment period • Benefits and costs to China of a climate commitment • Environmental decision making in China Development of an integrated, effect-based, approach for supporting a comprehensive and cost-effective air pollution abatement policy (‘DEMAND’) Projects in China • An environmental cost model and estimation • Master plan against air pollution in Shanxi Province • Sustainable development and climate policies in a world of economic globalization • Atmospheric pollution effects on local, regional and global scales – an integrated approach • Wind energy development and policies • Sustainable transport and greening of the auto industry • Climate impact and adaptation in the Himalaya region Missing Policy Coordination in China • SEPA: energy management and efficiency improvement • Ministry of Agriculture: public health related to energy production and use • Ministry of Health: risks of household energy use and industry pollution on air and water • Ministry of Finance: lack of support to sustainable energy and environmental protection targets • NDRC: lack of effective coordination on key policy priorities and abatement measures Need for Cross-sector Actions • Most research and policy action are conducted in sector-oriented approach • Lack coordination and cross-sector understanding • It is important to assess key environmental problems and policies in a broader perspective • Innovative policies should be designed to promote cost-effective action across disciplinary boundaries Energy and Environment in Rural Development • Rural energy use and its health and environment impacts are largely ignored • New technologies are available • Identify cross-sectoral and innovative solutions, e.g. bioenergy and water resource management, improvement in housing conditions to reduce indoor pollution • Promote policy intervention through finance, commercial and community participation Key Problems • • • • • • Water pollution Indoor air pollution Agriculture land degradation Agriculture product safety Health impact of food security Health impact of household coal use Measures to be Taken • Rational use of wetlands and waste land • Combining sustainable farming with growth of energy crops • Energy crops production (reed, willow) • Pellets production and dissemination of biomass burning stoves • Reduced coal use in households Co-benefits • Reduced water pollution to agriculture land and the sea • Reduced CO2 emissions from fossil fuel use • Reduced risks in agriculture products • Reduced health impact of indoor pollution • Income and jobs for farmers