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Emission data needs for assessments and
international reporting
Joint UNECE and EIONET workshop on emission
inventories and projections
9-11 May 2001, Geneva, Switzerland
André Jol
European Environment Agency
European Environment Agency
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Contents
• Purpose of emission inventories and indicators
• Overview of main reporting requirements
• Main differences in methodologies (Guidebook and
Guidelines)
• Use of emission data in assessments
• Future developments
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European Environment Agency
Summary of pollutants and links with the
main air related environmental issues
Pollutant
Climate
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Change
Sulphur Dioxide, SO 2
Nitrogen Oxides (NO 2 + NO),
NO x
Ammonia, NH 3
Non-methane Volatile Organic
Compounds, NMVOC
Carbon Monoxide, CO
Carbon Dioxide, CO 2
Methane, CH 4
Nitrous Oxides, N 2O
Hydrofluorocarbons, HFC
,Perfluorocarbons, PFC,
Sulphur Hexafluoride, SF6
Heavy Metals (Hg, Pb, Cd)
Particulate Matter <10ug
Persistent Organic Pollutants
(Dioxins/ Furans, PAH)
Ozone depleting substances
(CFCs, HCFCs, halons, others)
Acidification
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Tropospheric
Ozone
Toxic
Pollutants
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Ozone
depletion
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1:
Some specific species such as benzene and 1,3-butadiene
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Not toxic at general ambient concentrations
3:
Ozone is also a greenhouse gases and therefore NOx, NMVOC and CO have an indirect effect on climate change. Furthermore aerosols containing
sulphates and nitrates have a local cooling effect and thereby also SO2, and NH3 have an indirect effect on climate change.
4:
Various ozone depleting substances also have high global warming potential and thus contrubute also to climate change
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European Environment Agency
Use of air emission data
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quantify the pressures and to assess, by air quality modelling,
the impacts on the state of the environment, on human health
and on materials (e.g. EMEP)
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develop abatement strategies and prioritise policies and
measures for the main source categories (sectors) in a costeffective way (integrated assessment) (e.g. TFIAM, CIAM)
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monitor the effects of implemented policies and measures
(reduced or avoided emissions) at various levels (individual
company, sectors, national, international), related to
compliance monitoring
•
monitor the level of integration of environmental concerns into
sectoral policies and economic accounting (Eurostat)
•
inform the public using indicators (performance, ecoefficiency, etc) (EEA)
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European Environment Agency
Data quality demands
Increasing demand for timely and high quality data for all
user needs:
• reliable (accurate) detailed trends (use of the best
scientific methodology)
• consistent over time (preferably use of the same method
for the complete time series)
• comparable between countries (use of same source
categories)
• complete (covering all major source sectors in the
geographic area of concern)
• transparent (assumptions and methodologies used
should be clearly explained and documented)
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European Environment Agency
Main differences between reported data
• focus on specific environmental problem with
specific source categories and pollutants: different
source nomenclatures. Improvement with NFR for
UNECE.
• Activity data and e-factors or only emission data
• frequency of reporting (annual or less frequent)
• geographically (boundary of “country”)
• international coverage (various sets of countries
involved)
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European Environment Agency
UNFCCC and EU Monitoring Mechanism
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UNFCCC from 1992 and its Kyoto Protocol (1997) on the reduction of
greenhouse gas emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs and SF6
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Council Decision 1999/296/EC for a Monitoring Mechanism of
Community CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions + guidelines
(Sep 2000)
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Annual reporting of greenhouse gas data in year N: UNFCCC by 15
April (N-15 months) and EU by 31 December (N-12 months). Format:
IPCC (new Common Reporting Format from 2000)
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Same guidelines and methodologies for FCCC and EU:
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o UNFCCC Guidelines on reporting and review (FCCC/CP/1999/7),
http://ww.unfccc.de/
• Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas
Inventories and Good Practice Guidance and Uncertainty
Management in National Greenhouse Gas Inventories (IPCC,
2000) http://www.ipcc-nggip.iges.or.jp/
Commission needs to compile annually the European
EC inventory
(15 MS)
Environment Agency
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UNECE CLRTAP
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UNECE Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air Pollution
(LRTAP, 1979), assisted by EMEP.
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Protocols on the reduction of emissions heavy metals (1998) and
persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (1998) and the multi-pollutant
protocol (SO2, NOx, NH3, NMVOC) (1999)
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Annual reporting in year N of data N-1. Format: SNAP level 1 (from
1999 onwards aim at SNAP level 2), to be changed into NFR to
harmonise with FCCC/IPCC
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Guidelines and methodologies:
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o New Draft Reporting Guidelines (April 20010
o EMEP/CORINAIR Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook
(second edition, 1999)
Commission needs to compile annually the EC inventory (15 MS)
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European Environment Agency
Other EU legislation and developments
• Large Combustion Plant Directive (1988, and proposals
for revision of 1999) : SO2, NOx (annual)
• Directive on the limitation of emissions of VOC (use of
organic solvents in certain activities and
installations,1999)
• Proposal for a Directive on Ozone and National Emission
Ceilings for certain pollutants (1999), not yet adopted.
Reference to same guidelines and methodologies as used
in CLRTAP.
• Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Directive
(1996) and the Commission Decision on a European
Pollutant Emission Register (July 2000). Pollutants : 37 to
air, 26 to water. Guidance document (2000)
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European Environment Agency
• Cardiff process for the integration of environmental
EEA activities
• Use of emission data in EEA indicator reports (Signals
2001) and sectoral reports (TERM, EER). Also for
assessments such as Clean Air for Europe programme
(CAFE). Data limitations, additional models needed
(RAINS, PRIMES).
• EEA assists the Commission in preparing the EC
greenhouse gas inventory and the EC CLRTAP inventory,
available on EEA web site
• EEA, with Eurostat, EMEP and JRC, aim at improving data
flow between countries, the Commission, Eurostat, the
Conventions and to EEA
• EEA provides support to EEA member countries
(CollectER/ReportER, COPERT III) and through
European Environment Agency
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workshops
Future developments (1)
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quality and timeliness of reported data : need for
improved National Inventory System involving all actors
(scientific organisations, national environmental
protection agencies, national statistical institutes,
stakeholders such as industry and environmental NGOs)
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Improved accessibility of the national activity statistics
required to compile inventories
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New demands : Kyoto Protocol, emissions to water
(EPER/IPPC), NECD
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Further development of methodologies through new
research and new data. Focus on PM, also : new
greenhouse gases, heavy metals, POPs, end to include
emissions to water.
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European Environment Agency
Future developments (2)
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Improved co-ordination at exchange of information at the
international level. Example of co-operation : Co-ordinated
European Programme on particulate matter emission
inventories, projections and guidance (CEPMEIP)
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Improved data flow systems, organisational and also
electronic/Internet (nationally, internationally, EIONET)
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Increasing interest in scenarios and emission projections,
cooperation with integrated assessment experts
(modellers)
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European Environment Agency